Mechanisms of Inter- and Intramolecular Communication in GPCRs and G Proteins

• Published in: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008-04, Vol.130 (13), p.4310-4325
• Main Authors: Raimondi, Francesco, Seeber, Michele, De Benedetti, Pier G, Fanelli, Francesca
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Computer Simulation; GTP-Binding Proteins - chemistry; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - chemistry; Signal Transduction
• ISSN: 0002-7863; 1520-5126
• DOI: 10.1021/ja077268b

This study represents the first attempt to couple, by computational experiments, the mechanisms of intramolecular and intermolecular communication concerning a guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), the thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R), and the cognate G protein (Gq) in its heterotrimeric GDP-bound state. Two-way pathways mediate the communication between the receptor−G protein interface and both the agonist binding site of the receptor and the nucleotide binding site of the G protein. The increase in solvent accessibility in the neighborhoods of the highly conserved E/DRY receptor motif, in response to agonist binding, is instrumental in favoring the penetration of the C-terminus of Gqα in between the cytosolic ends of H3, H5, and H6. The arginine of the E/DRY motif is predicted to be an important mediator of the intramolecular and intermolecular communication involving the TXA2R. The receptor−G protein interface is predicted to involve multiple regions from the receptor and the G protein α-subunit. However, receptor contacts with the C-terminus of the α5-helix seem to be the major players in the receptor-catalyzed motion of the α-helical domain with respect to the Ras-like domain and in the formation of a nucleotide exit route in between the αF-helix and β6/α5 loop of Gqα. The inferences from this study are of wide interest, as they are expected to apply to the whole rhodopsin family, given also the considerable G protein promiscuity.