High-Resolution Anoscopy in the Diagnosis of Anal Cancer Precursor Lesions in Renal Graft Recipients

• Published in: Annals of surgical oncology 2008-05, Vol.15 (5), p.1470-1475
• Main Authors: Tramujas da Costa e Silva, Ivan, de Lima Ferreira, Luiz Carlos, Santos Gimenez, Felicidad, Gonçalves Guimarães, Ricardo Alexandre, Botinelly Fujimoto, Luciana, Barbosa Cabral, Celso Rômulo, Venturim Mozzer, Renzo, de Souza Atala, Larissa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Anal Canal - pathology; Anus Neoplasms - diagnosis; Anus Neoplasms - epidemiology; Anus Neoplasms - prevention & control; Carcinoma in Situ - diagnosis; Carcinoma in Situ - epidemiology; Carcinoma in Situ - prevention & control; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - prevention & control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gastrointestinal Oncology; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Oncology; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sigmoidoscopy; Surgery; Surgical Oncology
• ISSN: 1068-9265; 1534-4681
• DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9750-8

Background Renal graft recipients are one of the population groups known to be at high risk of developing anal cancer. This study investigated the presence of subclinical anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and the diagnostic ability of high-resolution anoscopy in detecting these lesions in renal graft recipients followed-up in Manaus. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 50 renal graft recipients were interviewed and submitted to high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies of acetowhite lesions or of the anal transition zone mucosa when acetowhitening was absent. Considering the histopathological reports of the examined anal specimens as the gold standard, the diagnostic validation and precision measures of high-resolution anoscopy were calculated as well as the prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in the studied population. Results In 42 renal graft recipients with satisfactory histopathological readings, prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions or condyloma acuminatum (ASIL-ACU) was 23.81%. Sensitivity of high-resolution anoscopy was 100%; specificity, 65.63%; positive predictive value, 47.62%; negative predictive value, 100%; and kappa coefficient, 0.48. Conclusions With a prevalence of 23.81% of subclinical ASIL-ACU lesions, the studied renal graft recipients had all these lesions detected by high-resolution anoscopy, notwithstanding most anal transition zone acetowhitened biopsied areas did not reveal histopathological aspects of anal cancer precursor lesions or condyloma acuminatum. Therefore, greater experience with the diagnostic tool was felt necessary to enhance its positive predictive value, specificity and diagnostic precision.