Patients’ perceived burden of cystoscopic and urinary surveillance of bladder cancer: a randomized comparison

• Published in: BJU international 2008-05, Vol.101 (9), p.1106-1110
• Main Authors: Van Der Aa, Madelon N.M., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Sen, E. Fatma, Zwarthoff, Ellen C., Kirkels, Wim J., Van Der Kwast, Theo H., Essink‐Bot, Marie‐Louise
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Attitude to Health; Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - pathology; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - psychology; Cystoscopy - adverse effects; Cystoscopy - psychology; cysto‐urethroscopy; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Microsatellite Repeats; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer; Pain - etiology; Pain - psychology; Patient Satisfaction; patients' experiences; Perception; Quality of Life; questionnaire; surveillance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tumors of the urinary system; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - psychology; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous; Urinary tract. Prostate gland
• ISSN: 1464-4096; 1464-410X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07224.x

OBJECTIVE To compare, in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive low‐grade (pTa/pT1, G1/G2) urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, the perceived burden of flexible cystoscopy or surveillance by microsatellite analysis (MA) in voided urine, as such patients are normally recommended to adhere to regular cysto‐urethroscopic surveillance (CUS). PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 220 participants of a randomized trial comparing CUS and surveillance by MA were asked to complete questionnaires 1 week after cystoscopy or urine sample collection. We assessed the discomfort and pain reported during CUS, experiences with MA, and physical symptoms, medical consumption and general functioning in the week after CUS/urine sampling. RESULTS We analysed data from 732 questionnaires (197 patients) completed after CUS and 184 (67 patients) after collecting urine. The introduction of the cystoscope was reported to cause discomfort in 39% and pain in 35% of the responses to the questionnaires; the waiting time for the results of MA was reported as burdensome in 19%. Painful micturition was significantly more frequent in the week after CUS than after MA (30% and 12%, respectively). The frequency of fever (1% and 2%) and haematuria (7% and 6%) was similar in both groups. Older patients reported significantly less pain and discomfort from cystoscopy, and this was not related to having more previous cystoscopies. CONCLUSION CUS caused pain and discomfort in about a third of patients. The burden of MA appeared fully attributable to the waiting time for the test result. The present results are a further motivation in the search for less invasive surveillance tests.