Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis

This paper describes a new latex agglutination test (‘KATEX’) for the detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. In preliminary laboratory trials, using urine collected from well-defined cases and controls from Brazil, Yemen and Nepal, the test had 100% sp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta tropica 2001-01, Vol.78 (1), p.11-16
Main Authors: Attar, Zamil J, Chance, Michael L, el-Safi, Sayda, Carney, James, Azazy, Ahmed, El-Hadi, Maha, Dourado, Cibele, Hommel, Marcel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies, Protozoan - biosynthesis
Antigens, Protozoan - urine
Antimony Sodium Gluconate - administration & dosage
Antimony Sodium Gluconate - therapeutic use
Antiprotozoal Agents - administration & dosage
Antiprotozoal Agents - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Diagnostic
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
Human protozoal diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Kala azar
KATEX
Latex
Latex Fixation Tests - methods
Leishmania donovani - immunology
Leishmania donovani - isolation & purification
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - diagnosis
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - immunology
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - urine
Leshmaniasis
Medical sciences
Parasitic diseases
Protozoal diseases
Protozoan Proteins
Rabbits
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sigmodontinae
Sudan
Tropical medicine
Urine antigen
Visceral leishmaniasis
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Summary:This paper describes a new latex agglutination test (‘KATEX’) for the detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. In preliminary laboratory trials, using urine collected from well-defined cases and controls from Brazil, Yemen and Nepal, the test had 100% specificity and a sensitivity between 68 and 100%. When used in a time-course experiment in cotton rats infected with Leishmania donovani, the test became positive 1 week after inoculation and antigen levels in urine declined rapidly after chemotherapy (the test was negative before the end of the course of treatment). Finally, in an integrated study performed in Sudan, KATEX was compared to microscopy and four different serological tests in a group of 73 patients having presented with clinical manifestations suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis. Compared to microscopy, KATEX performed better than any single serological test in predicting positivity and a particularly good result was obtained by combining KATEX and the direct agglutination test (DAT).
ISSN:0001-706X
1873-6254
DOI:10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00155-8