A Bayesian Model for Implicit Effects in Perceptual Identification

Retrieving effectively from memory (REM; R. M. Shiffrin & M. Steyvers, 1997 ), an episodic model of memory, is extended to implicit memory phenomena, namely the perceptual identification studies reported in R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (1997) . In those studies, the influence of prior study was gre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological review 2001-01, Vol.108 (1), p.257-272
Main Authors: Schooler, Lael J, Shiffrin, Richard M, Raaijmakers, Jeroen G. W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Contextual Associations
Cues
Human Information Storage
Humans
Memory
Models, Psychological
Perception
Probability
Psycholinguistics
Psychology
Reading
Recognition (Psychology)
Semantic Priming
Sensory perception
Simulation
Statistical Probability
Visual Perception
Words
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Summary:Retrieving effectively from memory (REM; R. M. Shiffrin & M. Steyvers, 1997 ), an episodic model of memory, is extended to implicit memory phenomena, namely the perceptual identification studies reported in R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (1997) . In those studies, the influence of prior study was greatest when words were presented most briefly and when forced-choice targets and foils were most similar. R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon use these data to argue against models in which prior study changes a word's representation. A model in which prior study changes a word's representation by adding context information is fit to their data; at test, the model uses a Bayesian decision process to compare the perceptual and context features associated with the test flash to stored traces. The effects of prior study are due to matching extra context information and are larger when alternatives share many features, thereby reducing noise that attenuates these effects.
ISSN:0033-295X
1939-1471
DOI:10.1037/0033-295X.108.1.257