Brain Derived Metastatic Prostate Cancer DU-145 Cells Are Effectively Inhibited In Vitro by Guava (Psidium gujava L.) Leaf Extracts

• Published in: Nutrition and cancer 2007-01, Vol.58 (1), p.93-106
• Main Authors: Chen, K.C, Hsieh, C.L, Peng, C.C, Hsieh-Li, H.M, Chiang, H.S, Huang, K.D, Peng, R.Y
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anticarcinogenic activity; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology; Apoptosis - drug effects; Biological and medical sciences; brain; Caspases - metabolism; cell cycle; Cell Cycle - drug effects; cell lines; cell proliferation; Cell Survival - drug effects; chemoprevention; chemotherapy; cultured cells; disease models; dose response; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epidemiology; Flow Cytometry; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; leaf extracts; leaves; Male; Medical sciences; metastasis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurology; Other treatments; plant extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; prostatic neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; Prostatic Neoplasms - prevention & control; Psidium; Psidium - chemistry; Psidium guajava; temporal variation; Time Factors; Treatment. General aspects; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumors; Tumors of the nervous system. Phacomatoses; viability
• ISSN: 0163-5581; 1532-7914
• DOI: 10.1080/01635580701308240

The aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. (PE) inhibited the cancer cell DU-145 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At 1.0 mg/mL, PE reduced the viability of PCa DU-145 (the androgen independent PCa cells) to 36.1 and 3.59%, respectively after 48 h and 72 h of incubations. The absolute cell viability suppressing capability (VSC)(AC) could reach 262.5 cells-mL-h/mg on exposure to PE for 72 h, corresponding to the safe ranges, i.e. the percent viability suppressing rates (PVSR) of 2.72 and 2.41 folds for DU-145 comparing to PZ-HPV-7 cells when treated with PE at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL respectively for 72 h. In addition, the colony forming capability of DU-145 cells was apparently lowered. The suppressing rates of which reached 8.09 and 5.96 colony/mg/day for D-145 and PZ-HPV-7 cells, respectively within the concentration range of PE at 0.1 approximately 0.25 mg/mL. Cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase in both cells were observed by TUNEL assay and flow cytometric analysis, yet more prominently evident in DU-145. In addition, suppression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the upregulation of active caspase-3 at 0.10 to 1.0 mg/mL in DU-145 were also effected in a dose-dependent manner by PE at 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL, implicating a potent anti-metastasis power of PE. Conclusively, we ascribe the anticancer activity of PE to its extraordinarily high polyphenolic (165.61 ± 10.39 mg/g) and flavonoid (82.85 ± 0.22 mg/g) contents. Furthermore, PE might be useful for treatment of brain derived metastatic cancers such as DU-145, acting simultaneously as both a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic.