hCG treatment raises H₂O₂ levels and induces germ cell apoptosis in rat testis

• Published in: Apoptosis (London) 2007-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1173-1182
• Main Authors: Gautam, Dinesh K, Misro, M. M, Chaki, S. P, Chandra, Mahesh, Sehgal, N
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Caspase-3; Catalase; Chorionic Gonadotropin - administration & dosage; Chorionic Gonadotropin - pharmacology; Chronic hCG treatment; Germ cell; Germ cells; Glutathione; Glutathione transferase; Gonadotropins; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism; H₂O; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oxidative Stress; Pathogenesis; Peroxidation; Pituitary (anterior); Rats; Rodents; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogenesis - drug effects; Spermatozoa - cytology; Spermatozoa - enzymology; Spermatozoa - metabolism; Spermatozoa - ultrastructure; Steroidogenesis; Superoxide dismutase; Testes; Testis - cytology; Testis - metabolism; Testis - ultrastructure; Testosterone
• ISSN: 1360-8185; 1573-675X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0060-1

The clinical significance of exogenous hCG treatment is to stimulate steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the testis. However, the pathogenesis of detrimental effects on the testis arising out of chronic hCG treatment is yet to be clearly ascertained. In the present study we have shown that hCG treatment (100 IU/day) to rats for 30 days raises testicular oxidative stress leading to germ cell apoptosis and impairment of spermatogenesis. The treatment raises testicular H₂O₂ levels along with increase in lipid peroxidation and concomitant decrease in the enzymatic antioxidant activities like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-s-transferase. The rise in the number of apoptotic germ cells was associated with up regulation of Fas protein expression and caspase-3 activity in the testis. However, serum testosterone which was elevated by 15 days of hCG treatment declined to pretreatment levels by 30 days. No significant alteration in serum gonadotropins was observed. The above findings indicate that the pathogenesis of deleterious effects following chronic hCG treatment is due to increase in testicular oxidative stress with high H₂O₂ availability leading to apoptosis among germ cells.