Influence of respiratory motor neurone activity on human autonomic and haemodynamic rhythms

• Published in: Clinical physiology (Oxford) 2001-05, Vol.21 (3), p.323-334
• Main Authors: Gonschorek, A. S., Lu, L.-L., Halliwill, J. R., Beightol, L. A., Taylor, J. A., Painter, J. A., Warzel, H., Eckberg, D. L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Airway Resistance; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents - pharmacology; Arrhythmia, Sinus; atropine; Atropine - administration & dosage; Atropine - pharmacology; baroreflex; Baroreflex - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Cardiorespiratory control. Arterial mecano- and chemoreceptor; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hemodynamics; Humans; Life Sciences (General); Male; nitroprusside; Nitroprusside - administration & dosage; Nitroprusside - pharmacology; phenylephrine; Phenylephrine - administration & dosage; Phenylephrine - pharmacology; Reference Values; Respiration; Respiratory Function Tests; sinus arrhythmia; Space life sciences; Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage; Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology; Vertebrates: respiratory system
• ISSN: 0144-5979; 1365-2281
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2281.2001.00324.x

Although humans hold great advantages over other species as subjects for biomedical research, they also bring major disadvantages. One is that among the many rhythmic physiological signals that can be recorded, there is no sure way to know which individual change precedes another, or which change represents cause and which represents effect. In an attempt to deal with the inherent complexity of research conducted in intact human subjects, we developed and used a structural equation model to analyse responses of healthy young men to pharmacological changes of arterial pressure and graded inspiratory resistance, before and after vagomimetic atropine. Our model yielded a good fit of the experimental data, with a system weighted R2 of 0.77, and suggested that our treatments exerted both direct and indirect influences on the variables we measured. Thus, infusions of nitroprusside and phenylephrine exerted all of their direct effects by lowering and raising arterial pressure; the changes of R-R intervals, respiratory sinus arrhythmia and arterial pressure fluctuations that these drugs provoked, were indirect consequences of arterial pressure changes. The only direct effect of increased inspiratory resistance was augmentation of arterial pressure fluctuations. These results may provide a new way to disentangle and understand responses of intact human subjects to experimental forcings. The principal new insight we derived from our modelling is that respiratory gating of vagal-cardiac motor neurone firing is nearly maximal at usual levels of arterial pressure and inspiratory motor neurone activity.