Temperature mapping using the water proton chemical shift: Self-referenced method with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine 2000-02, Vol.43 (2), p.220-225
• Main Authors: Kuroda, K., Mulkern, R.V., Oshio, K., Panych, L.P., Nakai, T., Moriya, T., Okuda, S., Hynynen, K., Joles, F.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Body Temperature; Body Water; chemical shift; Digestive system; Echo-Planar Imaging - methods; Echo-Planar Imaging - statistics & numerical data; echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI); Fourier Analysis; internal reference; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Liver - metabolism; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - statistics & numerical data; Medical sciences; Phantoms, Imaging - statistics & numerical data; Protons; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry; Reproducibility of Results; Swine; temperature; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(200002)43:2<220::AID-MRM8>3.0.CO;2-9

An echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging method of temperature mapping is proposed. This method is sufficiently faster than the so‐called 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D‐MRSI) method and does not require image subtractions, unlike the conventional phase mapping method when an internal reference signal is detectable. The water proton chemical shift measured by using the tissue lipid as an internal reference clearly visualized the temperature change in a porcine liver sample in vitro. It was also demonstrated that the internally referenced echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging method could markedly reduce a temperature error caused by a simple, translational motion between scans compared with the phase‐mapping method. Magn Reson Med 43:220–225, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.