Hypertension and appraisal of physical and psychological stressors

• Published in: Journal of psychosomatic research 2001-05, Vol.50 (5), p.237-244
• Main Authors: Nyklı́c̆ek, I, Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M, Van Heck, G.L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aggression; Appraisal; Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Cardiology. Vascular system; Clinical manifestations. Epidemiology. Investigative techniques. Etiology; Conditioning, Operant; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - etiology; Hypertension - psychology; Illness and personality; Illness, stress and coping; Language; Male; Mathematics; Medical sciences; Mental Processes; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain sensitivity; Patients; Physical stressor; Physical trauma; Psychological stressor; Psychological trauma; Psychology and medicine; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Sensitivity; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological
• ISSN: 0022-3999; 1879-1360
• DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00194-5

Objective: In the operant conditioning of hypertension hypothesis, it is assumed that the frequently found diminished sensitivity to painful stimuli in hypertensives can be generalized to sensitivity to other stressors, including psychological stressors. The validity of this assumption is examined in the present study. Methods: Unmedicated hypertensives (42) and normotensive controls (21) of both sexes were exposed to a physical stressor (electric current) and psychological active coping (mental arithmetic, free speech) and passive coping (unpleasant films) tasks, while indices of prestressor anxiety and task appraisal were measured. Results: Hypertensive women, but not men, showed diminished pain sensitivity, together with lower prestressor anxiety and a tendency to lower negative appraisal of the tasks, compared to their normotensive counterparts. In addition, positive correlations were obtained between pain sensitivity and negative appraisal of psychological stressors involving interpersonal threat (speech) and passive coping (films). Conclusion: Preliminary support has been obtained for extrapolation of diminished pain appraisal to appraisal of some psychological stressors (although for a part only in women); an important assumption in the operant conditioning hypothesis of hypertension.