The Effect of Substrate, Dihydrobiopterin, and Dopamine on the EPR Spectroscopic Properties and the Midpoint Potential of the Catalytic Iron in Recombinant Human Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

• Published in: The Journal of biological chemistry 2001-06, Vol.276 (25), p.22850-22856
• Main Authors: Hagedoorn, Peter-L., Schmidt, Peter P., Andersson, K. Kristoffer, Hagen, Wilfred R., Flatmark, Torgeir, Martı́nez, Aurora
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biopterins - analogs & derivatives; Biopterins - metabolism; Catalysis; Dopamine - metabolism; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Humans; Iron - metabolism; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase - chemistry; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase - metabolism; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism; Substrate Specificity
• ISSN: 0021-9258; 1083-351X
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M009458200

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and non-heme iron-dependent enzyme that hydroxylates l-Phe to l-Tyr. The paramagnetic ferric iron at the active site of recombinant human PAH (hPAH) and its midpoint potential at pH 7.25 (Em (Fe(III)/Fe(II))) were studied by EPR spectroscopy. Similar EPR spectra were obtained for the tetrameric wild-type (wt-hPAH) and the dimeric truncated hPAH(Gly103-Gln428) corresponding to the “catalytic domain.” A rhombic high spin Fe(III) signal with a g value of 4.3 dominates the EPR spectra at 3.6 K of both enzyme forms. An E m = +207 ± 10 mV was measured for the iron in wt-hPAH, which seems to be adequate for a thermodynamically feasible electron transfer from BH4 (E m (quinonoid-BH2/BH4) = +174 mV). The broad EPR features from g = 9.7–4.3 in the spectra of the ligand-free enzyme decreased in intensity upon the addition of l-Phe, whereas more axial type signals were observed upon binding of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2), the stable oxidized form of BH4, and of dopamine. All three ligands induced a decrease in the E m value of the iron to +123 ± 4 mV (l-Phe), +110 ± 20 mV (BH2), and −8 ± 9 mV (dopamine). On the basis of these data we have calculated that the binding affinities ofl-Phe, BH2, and dopamine decrease by 28-, 47-, and 5040-fold, respectively, for the reduced ferrous form of the enzyme, with respect to the ferric form. Interestingly, an E m value comparable with that of the ligand-free, resting form of wt-hPAH, i.e. +191 ± 11 mV, was measured upon the simultaneous binding of both l-Phe and BH2, representing an inactive model for the iron environment under turnover conditions. Our findings provide new information on the redox properties of the active site iron relevant for the understanding of the reductive activation of the enzyme and the catalytic mechanism.