New trends in the treatment of β-thalassemia

Thalassemia is the world’s most common hereditary disease, and is a paradigm of monogenic genetic diseases. Because of increased population mobility, the disease is found today throughout the world, even in places far from the tropical areas in which it arose. Therapy of thalassemia has in the past...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2000-02, Vol.33 (2), p.105-118
Main Authors: Rund, Deborah, Rachmilewitz, Eliezer
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anemias. Hemoglobinopathies
beta-Thalassemia - therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Diseases of red blood cells
Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases
Humans
Medical sciences
Therapeutic modalities
Therapeutics - trends
Treatment trends
β-Thalassemia
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Summary:Thalassemia is the world’s most common hereditary disease, and is a paradigm of monogenic genetic diseases. Because of increased population mobility, the disease is found today throughout the world, even in places far from the tropical areas in which it arose. Therapy of thalassemia has in the past been confined to transfusion and chelation. Recently, novel modes of therapy have been developed for thalassemia, based on the pathophysiology and molecular pathology of the disease, both of which have been extensively studied. This review will discuss the therapeutic modalities currently in use for the supportive treatment of thalassemia, both those that are standard therapy and those that are in clinical trials. We will include transfusion, chelation (intravenous and oral), antioxidants and various inducers of fetal hemoglobin (hydroxyurea, erythropoietin, butyrates, hemin). Most of the newer therapies are suitable primarily for thalassemia intermedia patients. In addition, the treatment modalities currently in use for the curative treatment of thalassemia major will be discussed, including bone marrow transplantation in its various forms. Experimental therapeutic methods, such as intrauterine bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy, are included. Physicians caring for thalassemia patients have an increasing variety of treatment options available. Future clinical studies will determine the place of newer agents and modalities in improving the quality of life as well as the life expectancy of thalassemia patients.
ISSN:1040-8428
1879-0461
DOI:10.1016/S1040-8428(99)00058-X