Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in Premenopausal, Healthy Vegans was Insufficient to Maintain Concentrations of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Within Normal Ranges During the Winter in Finland

• Published in: Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2000-04, Vol.100 (4), p.434-441
• Main Authors: OUTILA, TERHI AULIKKI, KÄRKKÄINEN, MERJA ULLA MARGAREETTA, SEPPÄNEN, RIITTA HELENA, LAMBERG-ALLARDT, CHRISTEL JOHANNA EMILIA
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Alfacalcidol; Biological and medical sciences; Body Mass Index; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone Density - physiology; Bones; Calcifediol; Calcium - analysis; Calcium - urine; Calcium, Dietary; Carnivora; Dairy products; Daylight; Diet, Vegetarian - adverse effects; Exercise; Female; Femur - physiology; Finland; Food habits; Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lumbar Vertebrae - physiology; Medical sciences; Nutrition; Nutritional survey. Food supply and nutritional requirement; Parathyroid hormone; Parathyroid Hormone - blood; Phosphates - urine; Physiological aspects; Premenopause; Seasons; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sunlight; Sunshine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vegetarianism; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - administration & dosage; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D - metabolism; Vitamin D - pharmacology; Vitamin D Deficiency - etiology; Vitamin D Deficiency - physiopathology; Vitamin metabolism; Winter; Women
• ISSN: 0002-8223; 1878-3570
• DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00134-6

Objective To study vitamin D status and bone metabolism of premenopausal vegetarians and omnivores during a 1-year period. Design Longitudinal, observational study. Bone mineral density was measured, blood samples from fasting subjects were obtained, and 24-hour urinary samples were collected in February 1994, August 1994, and January 1995. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] and intact parathyroid hormone (Si-PTH) concentrations were measured and intestinal calcium absorption was estimated. Dietary intakes of vitamin D and calcium were calculated. Subjects/setting Six vegans, 6 lactovegetarians, and 16 omnivores living in Helsinki, Finland. Statistical analyses performed Student-Newman-Keuls test; unbalanced, repeated-measures multiple analysis of variance; analysis of covariance; Pearson correlation test; and linear regression analysis. Results Dietary intake of vitamin D was significantly lower in vegans ( P