Hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis: a report of nine cases and a review

Background. The cardinal characteristics of primary hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis include renal magnesium wasting, marked hypercalciuria, renal stones, nephrocalcinosis, a tendency towards chronic renal insufficiency and sometimes even ocular abnormalities or hearing impairment. Me...

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Published in:Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation dialysis, transplantation, 2000-05, Vol.15 (5), p.605-610
Main Authors: Benigno, Vincenzo, Canonica, Claudia S., Bettinelli, Alberto, von Vigier, Rodo O., Truttmann, Anita C., Bianchetti, Mario G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Calcium - blood
Child
Eye Diseases - complications
Female
Hearing Disorders - complications
hereditary diseases
Humans
hypercalciuria
kidney diseases
Kidney Diseases - complications
Magnesium - blood
magnesium deficiency
Male
Medical sciences
nephrocalcinosis
Nephrocalcinosis - complications
Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases
Seizures - complications
Syndrome
Urinary lithiasis
Urologic Diseases - complications
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Summary:Background. The cardinal characteristics of primary hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis include renal magnesium wasting, marked hypercalciuria, renal stones, nephrocalcinosis, a tendency towards chronic renal insufficiency and sometimes even ocular abnormalities or hearing impairment. Methods. As very few patients with this syndrome have been described, we provide information on nine patients on follow‐up at our institutions and review the 42 cases reported in the literature (33 females and 18 males). Results. Urinary tract infections, polyuria–polydipsia, renal stones and tetanic convulsions were the main clinical findings at diagnosis. The clinical course was highly variable; renal failure was often reported. The concomitant occurrence of ocular involvement or hearing impairment was reported in a large subset of patients. Parental consanguinity was noted in some families. Conclusions. The results indicate an autosomal recessive inheritance. The diagnosis of primary hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis deserves consideration in any patient with nephrocalcinosis and hypercalciuria.
ISSN:0931-0509
1460-2385
DOI:10.1093/ndt/15.5.605