Head and Neck Cancer: The Importance of Oxygen

• Published in: The Laryngoscope 2000-05, Vol.110 (5), p.697-707
• Main Author: Terris, David J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - mortality; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy; Cell Hypoxia - physiology; Combined Modality Therapy; Equipment Design; Head and neck surgery. Maxillofacial surgery. Dental surgery. Orthodontics; Humans; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - instrumentation; Medical sciences; microelectrode; Microelectrodes; Necrosis; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms - mortality; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms - pathology; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms - therapy; Otorhinolaryngology (head neck, general aspects and miscellaneous); Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; oxygen tension; Polarography - instrumentation; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract; Survival Rate; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation; Tumor biology; Tumors; variance
• ISSN: 0023-852X; 1531-4995
• DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200005000-00001

Objectives To use recently introduced polarographic technology to characterize the distribution of oxygenation in solid tumors, explore the differences between severe hypoxia and true necrosis, and evaluate the ability to predict treatment outcomes based on tumor oxygenation. Study Design Prospective, nonrandomized trial of patients with advanced head and neck cancer, conducted at an academic institution. Methods A total of 63 patients underwent polarographic oxygen measurements of their tumors. Experiment 1 was designed to determine whether a gradient of oxygenation exists within tumors by examining several series of measurements in each tumor. Experiment 2 was an analysis of the difference in data variance incurred when comparing oxygen measurements using oxygen electrodes of two different sizes. Experiment 3 compared the proportion of tumor necrosis to the proportion of very low (≤2.5 mm Hg) polarographic oxygen measurements. Experiment 4 was designed to explore the correlation between oxygenation and treatment outcomes after nonsurgical management. Results No gradient of oxygenation was found within cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (P > .9). Tumor measurements achieved with larger (17 μm) electrodes displayed smaller variances than those obtained with smaller (12 μm) electrodes, although this difference failed to reach statistical significance (P = .60). There was no correlation between tumor necrosis and the proportion of very low (≤2.5 mm Hg) oxygen measurements. There was a nonsignificant trend toward poorer locoregional control and overall survival in hypoxic tumors. Conclusions Hypoxia exists within cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous carcinomas, but the hypoxic regions are distributed essentially randomly. As expected, measurements of oxygen achieved with larger electrodes results in lowered variance, but with no change in overall tumor mean oxygen levels. Polarographic oxygen measurements are independent of tumor necrosis. Finally, oxygenation as an independent variable is incapable of predicting prognosis, probably reflecting the multifactorial nature of the biological behavior of head and neck cancers.