Fluid mechanics of regurgitant jets and calculation of the effective regurgitant orifice in free or complex configurations

The velocity fields of turbulent jets can be described using a single formula which includes two empirical constants: k core determining the length of the central core and k turb the jet widening. Flow models simulating jet adhesion, confinement and noncircular orifices were studied using laser Dopp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomechanics 2000-06, Vol.33 (6), p.677-684
Main Authors: Diebold, Benoit, Delouche, Annie, Decesare, Alain, Delouche, Philippe, Guglielmi, Jean-paul, Herment, Alain
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Anemometers
Aortic Valve - pathology
Aortic Valve Insufficiency - physiopathology
Blood Flow Velocity - physiology
Flow visualization
Fluid mechanics
Hemorheology
Humans
Jets
Laser Doppler
Laser Doppler velocimeters
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
Mitral Valve - pathology
Mitral Valve Insufficiency - physiopathology
Models, Cardiovascular
Orifices
Tricuspid Valve - pathology
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency - physiopathology
Turbulence
Valvular regurgitation
Velocimetry
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Summary:The velocity fields of turbulent jets can be described using a single formula which includes two empirical constants: k core determining the length of the central core and k turb the jet widening. Flow models simulating jet adhesion, confinement and noncircular orifices were studied using laser Doppler anemometer and the modifications of the constants were derived from series of velocity profiles. In circular free jets, k core was found equal to 4.1 with a variability of 1.4%. In complex configurations, its variability was equal to 15.2%. For k turb, the value for free circular jets was of 45.2 with a variability of 6.0% and this variability in complex configurations was significantly higher (30.1%, p=0.025). The correlation between the actual orifice size and the jet extension was poor ( r=0.52). However, the almost constant value of k core allowed to define a new algorithm calculating the regurgitant orifice diameter with the use of outlines of the jet image ( r=0.89). In conclusion, the fluid mechanics of regurgitant jets is modified in complex configurations but, due to the relative independency of the central core, velocity fields could be used to evaluate the dimensions of the effective regurgitant orifice.
ISSN:0021-9290
1873-2380
DOI:10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00005-1