Longitudinal monitoring of WBC subsets in packed RBC units after filtration: implications for transfusion transmission of infections

• Published in: Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2000-05, Vol.40 (5), p.500-506
• Main Authors: Roback, J.D., Bray, R.A., Hillyer, C.D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AIDS/HIV; Antibodies; CD13 Antigens - blood; Cytomegalovirus Infections - immunology; Cytomegalovirus Infections - transmission; EBV; etc.; FCS = fetal calf serum; Filtration; Flow Cytometry; FSC = forward scatter characteristics; Hematocrit; Herpesviridae Infections - transmission; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Herpesvirus 8, Human; HHV-8 = human herpesvirus 8; Humans; Leukocyte Common Antigens - immunology; Leukocytes - classification; Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocytes - cytology; Monocytes - cytology; Neutrophils - cytology; nvCJD = new variant CJD; PerCP = peridinin chlorophyll protein; SSC = side scatter characteristics; Transfusion Reaction; TT = transfusion-transmitted (w/CMV; TT = transfusion‐transmitted (w/CMV, EBV, etc.); TTI(s) = transfusion-transmitted infection(s)
• ISSN: 0041-1132; 1537-2995
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40050500.x

BACKGROUND: Specific subsets of peripheral blood WBCs are reservoirs for infectious agents, such as CMV and EBV, and can serve as vectors for transfusion transmission of these agents. While filter WBC reduction has been used to prevent transfusion transmission of infections, its effectiveness has not been documented for many infectious agents and in some instances may be difficult to demonstrate in clinical trials. Because the effectiveness of filtration depends on the number of infected WBCs remaining at transfusion, WBC subpopulations in packed RBC units were quantitated after filtration and storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Packed RBC units (n = 14) were filtered and stored at 4oC for 42 days or were stored without filtration. Serial samples were subjected to flow cytometric immunophenotyping of WBC subsets: neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. RESULTS: Filtration produced a mean reduction in total WBCs of 3.2 log. Monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were reduced by 4.1, 3.8, and 2.5 log, respectively. Lymphocyte subsets also demonstrated differential reduction with filtration. All WBC subsets showed ongoing loss during storage. CONCLUSIONS: Monocyte and lymphocyte subsets are removed most effectively by prestorage filtration. Postfiltration storage leads to further significant reductions in WBC subsets. The implications of these findings for the mitigation of transfusion transmission of infection are discussed.