Glucose transporters: Structure, function and consequences of deficiency

There are two mechanisms for glucose transport across cell membranes. In the intestine and renal proximal tubule, glucose is transported against a concentration gradient by a secondary active transport mechanism in which glucose is cotransported with sodium ions. In all other cells, glucose transpor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of inherited metabolic disease 2000-05, Vol.23 (3), p.237-246
Main Author: Brown, G. K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Glucose - metabolism
Humans
Medical sciences
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins - deficiency
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins - physiology
Tumors. Hypoglycemia
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Summary:There are two mechanisms for glucose transport across cell membranes. In the intestine and renal proximal tubule, glucose is transported against a concentration gradient by a secondary active transport mechanism in which glucose is cotransported with sodium ions. In all other cells, glucose transport is mediated by one or more of the members of the closely related GLUT family of glucose transporters. The pattern of expression of the GLUT transporters in different tissues is related to the different roles of glucose metabolism in different tissues. Primary defects in glucose transport all appear to be extremely rare and not all possible deficiencies have been identified. Deficiency of the secondary active sodium/glucose transporters result in glucose/galactose malabsorption or congenital renal glycosuriäGLUT1 deficiency produces a seizure disorder with low glucose concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and GLUT2 deficiency is the basis of the Fanconi–Bickel syndrome, which resembles type I glycogen storage disease.
ISSN:0141-8955
1573-2665
DOI:10.1023/A:1005632012591