Neurotransmitter/Neuropeptide Interactions in the Regulation of Neurohypophyseal Hormone Release

Regulation of neurohypophyseal hormone release reflects the convergence of a large number of afferent pathways on the vasopressin (VP)- and oxytocin-producing neurons. These pathways utilize a broad range of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In this review, the mechanisms by which this informatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental neurology 2001-10, Vol.171 (2), p.200-209
Main Authors: Sladek, Celia D., Kapoor, John R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry and metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Central nervous system
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hemodynamics
Humans
Neurons - physiology
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptides - physiology
Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
Norepinephrine - metabolism
Phenylephrine - metabolism
Pituitary Gland, Posterior - secretion
Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology
Signal Transduction
Substance P - physiology
Supraoptic Nucleus - physiology
vasopressin, oxytocin, ATP, norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y, substance P
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
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Summary:Regulation of neurohypophyseal hormone release reflects the convergence of a large number of afferent pathways on the vasopressin (VP)- and oxytocin-producing neurons. These pathways utilize a broad range of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In this review, the mechanisms by which this information is coordinated into appropriate physiological responses is discussed with a focus on the responses to agents that are coreleased from A1 catecholamine nerve terminals in the supraoptic nucleus. The A1 pathway transmits hemodynamic information to the vasopressin neurons by releasing several neuroactive agents including ATP, norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y, and substance P. These substances stimulate VP release from explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system and certain combinations of these agents elicit potent but selective synergism. Evaluation of the signal cascades elicited by these agents provides insights into mechanisms underlying these synergistic interactions and suggests mechanisms responsible for coordinated responses of the VP neurons to activation of a range of ion-gated ion channel and G-protein-coupled receptors.
ISSN:0014-4886
1090-2430
DOI:10.1006/exnr.2001.7779