The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of caffeine in camels

• Published in: Research in veterinary science 2000-08, Vol.69 (1), p.69-74
• Main Authors: WASFI, I.A, BONI, N.S, ELGHAZALI, M, ABDEL HADI, A.A, ALMUHRAMI, A.M, BAREZAIG, I.M, ALKATHEERI, N.A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Area Under Curve; Caffeine - blood; Caffeine - metabolism; Caffeine - pharmacokinetics; Caffeine - urine; Camelus - metabolism; Camelus - physiology; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - veterinary; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - veterinary; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous - veterinary; Male; Protein Binding - physiology; Regression Analysis; Statistics, Nonparametric; Theobromine - blood; Theobromine - urine; Theophylline - blood; Theophylline - urine
• ISSN: 0034-5288; 1532-2661
• DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2000.0389

The pharmacokinetics of caffeine were determined in 10 camels after an intravenous dose of 2·35 mg kg–1. The data obtained (median and range) were as follows. The elimination half-life (t1/2) was 31·4 (21·2 to 58·9) hours, the steady state volume of distribution (VSS) was 0·62 (0·51 to 0·74) litre kg–1and the total body clearance (ClT) was 14·7 (8·70 to 19·7) ml kg–1per hour. Renal clearance estimated in two camels was 0·62 and 0·34 ml kg–1per hour. In vitro plasma protein binding (mean ±SEM, n = 10) to a concentration of 2 and 8 μg ml–1was 36·0 ± 0·24 and 39·2 ± 0·36 per cent respectively. Theophylline and theobromine were identified as caffeine metabolites in serum and urine. The terminal elimination half-life of the former, estimated in two camels, was 70·4 and 124·4 hours. Caffeine could be detected in the urine for 14 days.