Dual Catalytic Apparatus of the Thiamin Diphosphate Coenzyme:  Acid−Base via the 1‘,4‘-Iminopyrimidine Tautomer along with Its Electrophilic Role

• Published in: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003-10, Vol.125 (42), p.12732-12738
• Main Authors: Jordan, Frank, Nemeria, Natalia S, Zhang, Sheng, Yan, Arjunan, Palaniappa, Furey, William
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Binding Sites; Catalysis; Circular Dichroism; Coenzymes - chemistry; Coenzymes - metabolism; Escherichia coli - enzymology; Models, Molecular; Pyrimidines - chemistry; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex - chemistry; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex - metabolism; Thiamine Pyrophosphate - chemistry; Thiamine Pyrophosphate - metabolism
• ISSN: 0002-7863; 1520-5126
• DOI: 10.1021/ja0346126

It was recently reported (Jordan, F.; Zhang, Z.; Sergienko, E. A. Bioorg. Chem. 2002, 30, 188−198) that addition to the E477Q active-center variant of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase of (a) pyruvate on a rapid-scan UV stopped-flow, or (b) acetaldehyde or benzoylformate on a circular dichroism (CD) instrument, generates a new band with λmax near 300−310 nm. A chemical model demonstrated that the wavelength is appropriate to the 1‘,4‘-iminopyrimidine tautomer of the 4‘-aminopyrimidine ring in thiamin diphosphate. Herein, we report the formation of a new positive CD band centered at 305 nm when the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex first E1 subunit and its variants are exposed to phosphonolactylthiamin diphosphate, a stable analogue of the covalent adduct formed between the substrate pyruvate and the C2 atom of thiamin diphosphate. The behavior of this CD band, whether it suggests saturation of the enzyme by phosphonolactylthiamin diphosphate, or its very existence (the band is not seen with the E571A E1 variant, where E571 is hydrogen bonded to the N1‘ atom of the 4‘-aminopyrimidine ring), as well as its position are consistent with its assignment to the 1‘,4‘-imino thiamin diphosphate tautomer on the enzyme, chiral by virtue of its fixed V conformation. The mechanism of binding of phosphonolactylthiamin diphosphate closely resembles that of thiamin diphosphate itself.