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Splanchnic perfusion during delayed, hypotensive, or aggressive fluid resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different fluid resuscitation strategies on splanchnic perfusion in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhage after liver trauma. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a gastric near-infrared spectroscopy probe (GStO2),...
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Published in: | Shock (Augusta, Ga.) Ga.), 2003-11, Vol.20 (5), p.476-480 |
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description | The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different fluid resuscitation strategies on splanchnic perfusion in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhage after liver trauma. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a gastric near-infrared spectroscopy probe (GStO2), a jejunal tonometer (PrCO2), a portal vein catheter (SpvO2, lactate), and an ultrasonic blood flow probe on the superior mesenteric artery. The liver was lacerated to produce uncontrolled hemorrhage and a shock state characterized by a 40-60% decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 42 +/- 1 mmHg. Animals were randomly assigned to either delayed resuscitation (n = 6); hypotensive resuscitation with lactated Ringer's infusion to MAP = 60 mmHg (n = 6); or aggressive resuscitation with LR to MAP >/= 75 mmHg (n = 6). For the remainder of the protocol, the treatment was identical. The data showed that blood loss (47 +/- 7 and 45 +/- 10 mL/kg) and total fluid requirements (118 +/- 73 and 171 +/- 85 mL/kg) were similar with either hypotensive or aggressive resuscitation. In contrast, with delayed resuscitation, both values were lower (27 +/- 2 mL/kg and 87 +/- 33 mL/kg, both P < 0.05). Despite aggressive resuscitation, SpvO2 and GstO2 were about 10% lower (both P < 0.05 within group) and PrCO2 was about 20 mmHg higher (P < 0.05 within group) than the corresponding values in the other two groups. Thus, delayed resuscitation minimized the blood loss but did not restore tissue oxygenation, whereas aggressive resuscitation was associated with maximal blood loss and splanchnic hypoperfusion. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude that hypotensive resuscitation might be an effective strategy to maintain splanchnic perfusion after blunt abdominal trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1097/01.SHK.0000094036.09886.9b |
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Esteban ; COHN, Stephen M ; DIAZ, I ; GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D ; PROCTOR, Kenneth G</creator><creatorcontrib>VARELA, J. Esteban ; COHN, Stephen M ; DIAZ, I ; GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D ; PROCTOR, Kenneth G</creatorcontrib><description>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different fluid resuscitation strategies on splanchnic perfusion in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhage after liver trauma. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a gastric near-infrared spectroscopy probe (GStO2), a jejunal tonometer (PrCO2), a portal vein catheter (SpvO2, lactate), and an ultrasonic blood flow probe on the superior mesenteric artery. The liver was lacerated to produce uncontrolled hemorrhage and a shock state characterized by a 40-60% decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 42 +/- 1 mmHg. Animals were randomly assigned to either delayed resuscitation (n = 6); hypotensive resuscitation with lactated Ringer's infusion to MAP = 60 mmHg (n = 6); or aggressive resuscitation with LR to MAP >/= 75 mmHg (n = 6). For the remainder of the protocol, the treatment was identical. The data showed that blood loss (47 +/- 7 and 45 +/- 10 mL/kg) and total fluid requirements (118 +/- 73 and 171 +/- 85 mL/kg) were similar with either hypotensive or aggressive resuscitation. In contrast, with delayed resuscitation, both values were lower (27 +/- 2 mL/kg and 87 +/- 33 mL/kg, both P < 0.05). Despite aggressive resuscitation, SpvO2 and GstO2 were about 10% lower (both P < 0.05 within group) and PrCO2 was about 20 mmHg higher (P < 0.05 within group) than the corresponding values in the other two groups. Thus, delayed resuscitation minimized the blood loss but did not restore tissue oxygenation, whereas aggressive resuscitation was associated with maximal blood loss and splanchnic hypoperfusion. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude that hypotensive resuscitation might be an effective strategy to maintain splanchnic perfusion after blunt abdominal trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1540-0514</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/01.SHK.0000094036.09886.9b</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14560114</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Augusta, GA: BioMedical Press</publisher><subject>Acid-Base Equilibrium - drug effects ; Acid-Base Equilibrium - physiology ; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects ; Blood Flow Velocity - physiology ; Blood Pressure - drug effects ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Carbon Dioxide - blood ; Cardiac Output - physiology ; Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care ; Fluid Therapy ; Heart Rate - drug effects ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Hemodynamics - drug effects ; Hemodynamics - physiology ; Hemorrhage - etiology ; Hemorrhage - therapy ; Intensive care medicine ; Isotonic Solutions - pharmacology ; Lactic Acid - blood ; Liver - injuries ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior - physiology ; Oxygen - blood ; Partial Pressure ; Portal Vein - physiology ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Regional Blood Flow - drug effects ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Reperfusion - methods ; Resuscitation - methods ; Splanchnic Circulation - physiology ; Swine</subject><ispartof>Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2003-11, Vol.20 (5), p.476-480</ispartof><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-cfc56f25701e5dffe5bf5d208a185864c631f1e8938556fe3fbef48a89c8c6163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-cfc56f25701e5dffe5bf5d208a185864c631f1e8938556fe3fbef48a89c8c6163</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15246241$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14560114$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>VARELA, J. Esteban</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COHN, Stephen M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DIAZ, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PROCTOR, Kenneth G</creatorcontrib><title>Splanchnic perfusion during delayed, hypotensive, or aggressive fluid resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage</title><title>Shock (Augusta, Ga.)</title><addtitle>Shock</addtitle><description>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different fluid resuscitation strategies on splanchnic perfusion in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhage after liver trauma. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a gastric near-infrared spectroscopy probe (GStO2), a jejunal tonometer (PrCO2), a portal vein catheter (SpvO2, lactate), and an ultrasonic blood flow probe on the superior mesenteric artery. The liver was lacerated to produce uncontrolled hemorrhage and a shock state characterized by a 40-60% decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 42 +/- 1 mmHg. Animals were randomly assigned to either delayed resuscitation (n = 6); hypotensive resuscitation with lactated Ringer's infusion to MAP = 60 mmHg (n = 6); or aggressive resuscitation with LR to MAP >/= 75 mmHg (n = 6). For the remainder of the protocol, the treatment was identical. The data showed that blood loss (47 +/- 7 and 45 +/- 10 mL/kg) and total fluid requirements (118 +/- 73 and 171 +/- 85 mL/kg) were similar with either hypotensive or aggressive resuscitation. In contrast, with delayed resuscitation, both values were lower (27 +/- 2 mL/kg and 87 +/- 33 mL/kg, both P < 0.05). Despite aggressive resuscitation, SpvO2 and GstO2 were about 10% lower (both P < 0.05 within group) and PrCO2 was about 20 mmHg higher (P < 0.05 within group) than the corresponding values in the other two groups. Thus, delayed resuscitation minimized the blood loss but did not restore tissue oxygenation, whereas aggressive resuscitation was associated with maximal blood loss and splanchnic hypoperfusion. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude that hypotensive resuscitation might be an effective strategy to maintain splanchnic perfusion after blunt abdominal trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage.</description><subject>Acid-Base Equilibrium - drug effects</subject><subject>Acid-Base Equilibrium - physiology</subject><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity - physiology</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - drug effects</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - blood</subject><subject>Cardiac Output - physiology</subject><subject>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</subject><subject>Fluid Therapy</subject><subject>Heart Rate - drug effects</subject><subject>Heart Rate - physiology</subject><subject>Hemodynamics - drug effects</subject><subject>Hemodynamics - physiology</subject><subject>Hemorrhage - etiology</subject><subject>Hemorrhage - therapy</subject><subject>Intensive care medicine</subject><subject>Isotonic Solutions - pharmacology</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Liver - injuries</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mesenteric Artery, Superior - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen - blood</subject><subject>Partial Pressure</subject><subject>Portal Vein - physiology</subject><subject>Postoperative Hemorrhage</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - drug effects</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Reperfusion - methods</subject><subject>Resuscitation - methods</subject><subject>Splanchnic Circulation - physiology</subject><subject>Swine</subject><issn>1073-2322</issn><issn>1540-0514</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkF2P1SAQhonRuB_6Fwwx0attZShQ6t1m47rGTbxYvSaUDudg2lKhNTn_Xo57ksMNTPK8zMxDyHtgNbCu_cSgfnr4XrPj6QRrVM06rVXd9S_IJUjBKiZBvCxv1jYVbzi_IFc5_2aMi6ZrX5MLEFIxAHFJlqdltLPbz8HRBZPfcogzHbYU5h0dcLQHHG7o_rDEFecc_uINjYna3S5hPpbUj1sYaKm27MJq12PcpzjRbXZxXlMcRxzoHqeY0t7u8A155e2Y8e3pvia_7r_8vHuoHn98_XZ3-1i5MuJaOe-k8ly2DFAO3qPsvRw40xa01Eo41YAH1F2jZQGx8T16oa3unHYKVHNNPj7_u6T4Z8O8milkh2PZFuOWTQu8lSBlAT8_gy7FnBN6s6Qw2XQwwMzRt2Fgim9z9m3--zZdX8LvTl22fsLhHD0JLsCHE2Czs6NPRXbIZ05yobiA5h8AIYyK</recordid><startdate>20031101</startdate><enddate>20031101</enddate><creator>VARELA, J. Esteban</creator><creator>COHN, Stephen M</creator><creator>DIAZ, I</creator><creator>GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D</creator><creator>PROCTOR, Kenneth G</creator><general>BioMedical Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20031101</creationdate><title>Splanchnic perfusion during delayed, hypotensive, or aggressive fluid resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage</title><author>VARELA, J. Esteban ; COHN, Stephen M ; DIAZ, I ; GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D ; PROCTOR, Kenneth G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-cfc56f25701e5dffe5bf5d208a185864c631f1e8938556fe3fbef48a89c8c6163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Acid-Base Equilibrium - drug effects</topic><topic>Acid-Base Equilibrium - physiology</topic><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects</topic><topic>Blood Flow Velocity - physiology</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - drug effects</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - blood</topic><topic>Cardiac Output - physiology</topic><topic>Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care</topic><topic>Fluid Therapy</topic><topic>Heart Rate - drug effects</topic><topic>Heart Rate - physiology</topic><topic>Hemodynamics - drug effects</topic><topic>Hemodynamics - physiology</topic><topic>Hemorrhage - etiology</topic><topic>Hemorrhage - therapy</topic><topic>Intensive care medicine</topic><topic>Isotonic Solutions - pharmacology</topic><topic>Lactic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Liver - injuries</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mesenteric Artery, Superior - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen - blood</topic><topic>Partial Pressure</topic><topic>Portal Vein - physiology</topic><topic>Postoperative Hemorrhage</topic><topic>Regional Blood Flow - drug effects</topic><topic>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Reperfusion - methods</topic><topic>Resuscitation - methods</topic><topic>Splanchnic Circulation - physiology</topic><topic>Swine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>VARELA, J. Esteban</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COHN, Stephen M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DIAZ, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PROCTOR, Kenneth G</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Shock (Augusta, Ga.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>VARELA, J. Esteban</au><au>COHN, Stephen M</au><au>DIAZ, I</au><au>GIANNOTTI, Giovanni D</au><au>PROCTOR, Kenneth G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Splanchnic perfusion during delayed, hypotensive, or aggressive fluid resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage</atitle><jtitle>Shock (Augusta, Ga.)</jtitle><addtitle>Shock</addtitle><date>2003-11-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>476</spage><epage>480</epage><pages>476-480</pages><issn>1073-2322</issn><eissn>1540-0514</eissn><abstract>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three different fluid resuscitation strategies on splanchnic perfusion in a clinically relevant model of uncontrolled hemorrhage after liver trauma. Anesthetized swine were instrumented with a gastric near-infrared spectroscopy probe (GStO2), a jejunal tonometer (PrCO2), a portal vein catheter (SpvO2, lactate), and an ultrasonic blood flow probe on the superior mesenteric artery. The liver was lacerated to produce uncontrolled hemorrhage and a shock state characterized by a 40-60% decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 42 +/- 1 mmHg. Animals were randomly assigned to either delayed resuscitation (n = 6); hypotensive resuscitation with lactated Ringer's infusion to MAP = 60 mmHg (n = 6); or aggressive resuscitation with LR to MAP >/= 75 mmHg (n = 6). For the remainder of the protocol, the treatment was identical. The data showed that blood loss (47 +/- 7 and 45 +/- 10 mL/kg) and total fluid requirements (118 +/- 73 and 171 +/- 85 mL/kg) were similar with either hypotensive or aggressive resuscitation. In contrast, with delayed resuscitation, both values were lower (27 +/- 2 mL/kg and 87 +/- 33 mL/kg, both P < 0.05). Despite aggressive resuscitation, SpvO2 and GstO2 were about 10% lower (both P < 0.05 within group) and PrCO2 was about 20 mmHg higher (P < 0.05 within group) than the corresponding values in the other two groups. Thus, delayed resuscitation minimized the blood loss but did not restore tissue oxygenation, whereas aggressive resuscitation was associated with maximal blood loss and splanchnic hypoperfusion. For this reason, it is reasonable to conclude that hypotensive resuscitation might be an effective strategy to maintain splanchnic perfusion after blunt abdominal trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage.</abstract><cop>Augusta, GA</cop><pub>BioMedical Press</pub><pmid>14560114</pmid><doi>10.1097/01.SHK.0000094036.09886.9b</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acid-Base Equilibrium - drug effects Acid-Base Equilibrium - physiology Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood Flow Velocity - drug effects Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Blood Pressure - drug effects Blood Pressure - physiology Carbon Dioxide - blood Cardiac Output - physiology Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care Fluid Therapy Heart Rate - drug effects Heart Rate - physiology Hemodynamics - drug effects Hemodynamics - physiology Hemorrhage - etiology Hemorrhage - therapy Intensive care medicine Isotonic Solutions - pharmacology Lactic Acid - blood Liver - injuries Male Medical sciences Mesenteric Artery, Superior - physiology Oxygen - blood Partial Pressure Portal Vein - physiology Postoperative Hemorrhage Regional Blood Flow - drug effects Regional Blood Flow - physiology Reperfusion - methods Resuscitation - methods Splanchnic Circulation - physiology Swine |
title | Splanchnic perfusion during delayed, hypotensive, or aggressive fluid resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage |
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