Evaluation of urinary N-acetyl cysteinyl allyl isothiocyanate as a biomarker for intake and bioactivity of Brussels sprouts

Isothiocyanates (ITC), glucosinolate hydrolysis products from Brussels sprouts (BS) and other cruciferous vegetables, are considered to protect the body from cancer by induction of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR). Urinary N-acetyl-cysteine ( NAC) conjugates of ITC have been pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food and chemical toxicology 2003-12, Vol.41 (12), p.1817-1825
Main Authors: Hwang, E.-S, Jeffery, E.H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcysteine - metabolism
Allyl isothiocyanate
Animals
Anticarcinogenic Agents - urine
Biomarkers
Brassica - metabolism
Brassica oleracea gemnifera
Brussels sprouts
Cooking
Diet
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Eating
Glucosinolates - metabolism
Humans
Isothiocyanates - urine
Male
Mercapturic acid
N-acetyl cysteine
N-acetyl cysteinyl allyl isothiocyanate
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) - metabolism
Proteins - metabolism
Quinone reductase
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Sinigrin
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Summary:Isothiocyanates (ITC), glucosinolate hydrolysis products from Brussels sprouts (BS) and other cruciferous vegetables, are considered to protect the body from cancer by induction of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR). Urinary N-acetyl-cysteine ( NAC) conjugates of ITC have been proposed as biomarkers of crucifer intake. Here we asked if dietary intake and induction of detoxification enzymes are dose-related to urinary NAC conjugate appearance. Male F344 rats (4/group) received an AIN 76B-40 diet containing 0, 10 or 20% freeze-dried BS for 6 days. A human subject ingested 500 g BS. Urinary AITC- NAC was identified in human and rat urine. Ten and 20% BS diets caused a 1.4- and 2.3-fold induction of QR in the pancreas, a 1.5- and 2.5-fold induction in liver and a 3.1- and 3.6-fold induction in colonic epithelium, respectively. Liver and pancreatic QR induction was dose-related, whereas induction of QR in colon was less different between the two doses. Excretion of the conjugate was dose-related only on day 1, and unrelated to dose after day 2. These results suggest that urinary NAC–AITC is a qualitative biomarker for ingestion and bioactivity of BS, but that it may not be dose-related when rats are fed continuously for 2 or more days.
ISSN:0278-6915
1873-6351
DOI:10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00235-7