A case-control study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To determine influenza vaccine effectiveness against clinically defined influenza-like illness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia. Methods: During February and March 2000, the authors conducted an unmatched case-control study. Case patients were identified at one...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of infectious diseases 2003-09, Vol.7 (3), p.210-214
Main Authors: Mustafa, Amal Nasir, Gessner, Bradford D., Ismail, Raman, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Abdullah, Nasuruddin, Ishak, Ilina, Abdullah, Norazmi, Merican, Mohd Ismail
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Case-Control Studies
Female
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Influenza A virus - immunology
Influenza B virus - immunology
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Influenza, Human - virology
Islam
Malaysia
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Saudi Arabia
Travel
Tropical medicine
Vaccination
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases
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Summary:Objectives: To determine influenza vaccine effectiveness against clinically defined influenza-like illness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia. Methods: During February and March 2000, the authors conducted an unmatched case-control study. Case patients were identified at one of five hotel clinics, while controls were residents of these hotels who had not attended a clinic. Results: Among 820 case patients–84% of whom had received antibiotics—and 600 controls, the adjusted vaccine effectiveness against clinic visits for influenza-like illness was 77% (95% confidence interval: 69,83), and that against receipt of antibiotics was 66% (95% confidence interval, 54, 75). The vaccine did not prevent clinic visits for non-influenza-like upper respiratory tract illness (adjusted vaccine effectiveness, 20%; 95% confidence interval: −24,49). Conclusions: Influenza vaccine was effective in preventing clinic visits for influenza-like illness and antibiotic use. Pilgrims traveling to the Haj in Saudi Arabia should consider influenza vaccination use.
ISSN:1201-9712
1878-3511
DOI:10.1016/S1201-9712(03)90054-3