Three‐dimensional visualization of insect morphology using confocal laser scanning microscopy

Summary Cuticular structures of insects are often microscopic and intricately complex; among the most complex structures are male genitalia. Genitalic structures are essential in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of insects. Using well‐described species from two disparate dipteran genera, we demons...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of microscopy (Oxford) 2003-11, Vol.212 (2), p.107-121
Main Authors: Klaus, A. V., Kulasekera, V. L., Schawaroch, V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autofluorescence
axial distortion
Culex
Culex - ultrastructure
Diptera
Drosophila
Drosophila - ultrastructure
exoskeleton
Fluorescence
Genitalia - ultrastructure
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
Insect Proteins - ultrastructure
Male
male genitalia
Microscopy, Confocal - methods
signal loss
spherical aberration
systematics
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Summary:Summary Cuticular structures of insects are often microscopic and intricately complex; among the most complex structures are male genitalia. Genitalic structures are essential in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of insects. Using well‐described species from two disparate dipteran genera, we demonstrate the utility of confocal laser scanning microscopy for studying the morphological characters of fly genitalia by taking advantage of the autofluorescent properties of cuticle material. Reconstructions of confocal data sets obtained from genitalic structures embedded in two commonly used entomological mounting media (euparal and glycerin jelly) are presented. Aberration artefacts often observed in confocal data obtained from thick specimens were analysed and strategies for their minimization are discussed. Our results indicate that confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D reconstruction are excellent techniques for visualizing small, complex, autofluorescent structures in flies. These techniques could have a profound impact on the quality of information provided by 3D representations of insect structures over more traditional methods of visualization.
ISSN:0022-2720
1365-2818
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2818.2003.01235.x