The ABCs of SMC proteins: two-armed ATPases for chromosome condensation, cohesion, and repair

The first draft of the human genome sequence was reported a year ago. It may be a good time to remind ourselves that the genetic information encoded in the similar to 3000-Mb sequence is stored not only in the public or private databases but also in the tiny space of the cell nucleus. The total leng...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes & development 2002-02, Vol.16 (4), p.399-414
Main Author: Hirano, Tatsuya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphatases - chemistry
Adenosine Triphosphatases - physiology
Adenosine Triphosphate - physiology
Anaphase - physiology
Carrier Proteins
Cell Cycle Proteins - chemistry
Cell Cycle Proteins - physiology
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
Chromatids - metabolism
Chromatids - ultrastructure
Chromatin - metabolism
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - chemistry
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone - physiology
Chromosomes - metabolism
Chromosomes - ultrastructure
Cohesins
Dimerization
DNA Repair - physiology
DNA Replication
DNA-Binding Proteins
Enzyme Activation
Eukaryotic Cells - cytology
Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism
Evolution, Molecular
Fungal Proteins
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Meiosis - physiology
Mitosis - physiology
Models, Biological
Multiprotein Complexes
Nuclear Proteins
Prokaryotic Cells - cytology
Prokaryotic Cells - metabolism
Protein Conformation
Protein Subunits
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
SMC proteins
Species Specificity
Structure-Activity Relationship
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Summary:The first draft of the human genome sequence was reported a year ago. It may be a good time to remind ourselves that the genetic information encoded in the similar to 3000-Mb sequence is stored not only in the public or private databases but also in the tiny space of the cell nucleus. The total length of human genomic DNA, which resides in 23 chromosomes, reaches approximately one meter. It is by no means a simple task to fold up the long DNA molecules and package them within a cell nucleus whose diameter is only similar to 10 mu m. Even more striking is that the DNA molecules are faithfully duplicated and segregated into two daughter cells in an extremely limited space. Although more than 100 years have passed since Walther Flemming first described the dynamic behavior of chromosomes (or mitosis) during cell division, it remains highly mysterious how this remarkable process of chromosome segregation is achieved at a mechanistic level.
ISSN:0890-9369
1549-5477
DOI:10.1101/gad.955102