Loading…
Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period
Individual skeletal muscle fibers in newborn vertebrates are innervated at a single endplate by several motor axons. During the first postnatal weeks, the polyneuronal innervation decreases in an activity-dependent process of synaptic elimination by axonal competition. Because synaptic activity depe...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Neuroscience 2002-01, Vol.110 (1), p.147-154 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3 |
| container_end_page | 154 |
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 147 |
| container_title | Neuroscience |
| container_volume | 110 |
| creator | Santafé, M.M Garcia, N Lanuza, M.A Uchitel, O.D Salon, I Tomàs, J |
| description | Individual skeletal muscle fibers in newborn vertebrates are innervated at a single endplate by several motor axons. During the first postnatal weeks, the polyneuronal innervation decreases in an activity-dependent process of synaptic elimination by axonal competition. Because synaptic activity depends strongly on the influx of calcium from the external media via presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels, we investigate the relationship between calcium channels, synaptic activity and developmental axonal elimination.
We studied how several calcium channel blockers affect (after 1 h of incubation) the total number of functional axons per muscle fiber (poly-innervation index) of the Levator auris longus muscle of 6-day-old rats. We determined the poly-innervation index by gradually raising the stimulus amplitude and recorded the recruitment of one or more axons that produced a stepwise increment of the endplate potential.
The L-type channel blocker nitrendipine (1 μM) increased the mean poly-innervation index (35.79%±3.91;
P0.05 in both cases). A more intense inhibition of calcium influx (by the sequential use of two calcium channel blockers) did not recruit any additional silent synapses. Moderately increasing the magnesium ions (by 500 μM) in the physiological solution produces a synaptic recruitment (36.78%±2.1;
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00543-7 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71491408</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0306452201005437</els_id><sourcerecordid>71491408</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkctuFDEQRS0EIkPgE0DegGDR4Fe_VgiFpxSJBbC2qu1qcNRtD35E5FP4W9wzI7LMqizXubfKvoQ85ew1Z7x7841J1jWqFeIl468Ya5Vs-ntkx4e-Hlql7pPdf-SMPErpirED9pCccT4MQvbjjvx9jyYiJLTUwGJcWanz81L-1JIDzb-QegweMiw0QqZryCHWq3iNNGNcnYclVamnsRoVlylY67KrkqViJYa1JFMWiPSqeLM1ErUlOv_zYJ5uPOwTUlzc5rX16R6jC_YxeTBXb3xyqufkx8cP3y8-N5dfP325eHfZGNWr3AgmO2yZBc7lZKFlYuq6cbTTPHUMJHIELhAsa8G2ApRQUz-KTkqcTSf5JM_Ji6PvPobfBVPWq0sGlwXqw0vSPVcjV2y4E-RDOwohVAXbI2hiSCnirPfRrRBvNGd6C08fwtNbMppxfUhF91X37DSgTCvaW9UprQo8PwGQalpzBG9cuuVkNeTdtsDbI4f1364dRp2MQ2_QuppS1ja4O1b5B0uSul0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>18592224</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024</source><creator>Santafé, M.M ; Garcia, N ; Lanuza, M.A ; Uchitel, O.D ; Salon, I ; Tomàs, J</creator><creatorcontrib>Santafé, M.M ; Garcia, N ; Lanuza, M.A ; Uchitel, O.D ; Salon, I ; Tomàs, J</creatorcontrib><description>Individual skeletal muscle fibers in newborn vertebrates are innervated at a single endplate by several motor axons. During the first postnatal weeks, the polyneuronal innervation decreases in an activity-dependent process of synaptic elimination by axonal competition. Because synaptic activity depends strongly on the influx of calcium from the external media via presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels, we investigate the relationship between calcium channels, synaptic activity and developmental axonal elimination.
We studied how several calcium channel blockers affect (after 1 h of incubation) the total number of functional axons per muscle fiber (poly-innervation index) of the Levator auris longus muscle of 6-day-old rats. We determined the poly-innervation index by gradually raising the stimulus amplitude and recorded the recruitment of one or more axons that produced a stepwise increment of the endplate potential.
The L-type channel blocker nitrendipine (1 μM) increased the mean poly-innervation index (35.79%±3.91;
P<0.05). This effect was not washed out with normal Ringer, although the poly-innervation index returned to the control value when high-calcium Ringer (5 mM) was used. The P-type channel blocker ω-agatoxin-IVA (100 nM) also increased the number of recruitable endplate potentials (27.49%±1.78;
P<0.05), whereas N-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA (1 μM) was ineffective (
P>0.05). However, neither nitrendipine nor ω-agatoxin-IVA modified the poly-innervation index on high-calcium Ringer (
P>0.05 in both cases). A more intense inhibition of calcium influx (by the sequential use of two calcium channel blockers) did not recruit any additional silent synapses. Moderately increasing the magnesium ions (by 500 μM) in the physiological solution produces a synaptic recruitment (36.78%±2.1;
P<0.05) similar to that with L- and P-type calcium channel blockers incubation. This magnesium effect was not washed with normal Ringer but a Ringer that is high in calcium can reverse it. The recruited endings were identified by selective activity-dependent loading with styryl dyes. Rhodaminated α-bungarotoxin-labeled acetylcholine receptors were present in the postsynaptic counterpart.
Based on these findings we suggest that, before their complete retraction, functionally silent nerve terminals can be manifested or recovered if calcium influx is reduced by a calcium channel blocker or if external magnesium is increased. The normal activation of this calcium-dependent silencing mechanism during development may be related to the final loss of the supernumerary axons.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4522</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7544</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00543-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11882379</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NRSCDN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology ; calcium channels ; Calcium Channels - drug effects ; Calcium Channels - metabolism ; Calcium Signaling - drug effects ; Calcium Signaling - physiology ; Cell Differentiation - drug effects ; Cell Differentiation - physiology ; Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Magnesium - pharmacology ; Motor Neurons - cytology ; Motor Neurons - drug effects ; Motor Neurons - metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development ; Muscle, Skeletal - innervation ; Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects ; Neuromuscular Junction - growth & development ; Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology ; nitrendipine ; polyneuronal innervation ; Presynaptic Terminals - drug effects ; Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism ; Presynaptic Terminals - ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; silent synapses ; Synaptic Transmission - drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission - physiology ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs ; ω-agatoxin-IVA ; ω-conotoxin-GVIA</subject><ispartof>Neuroscience, 2002-01, Vol.110 (1), p.147-154</ispartof><rights>2002 IBRO</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13522164$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11882379$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santafé, M.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanuza, M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchitel, O.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salon, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomàs, J</creatorcontrib><title>Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period</title><title>Neuroscience</title><addtitle>Neuroscience</addtitle><description>Individual skeletal muscle fibers in newborn vertebrates are innervated at a single endplate by several motor axons. During the first postnatal weeks, the polyneuronal innervation decreases in an activity-dependent process of synaptic elimination by axonal competition. Because synaptic activity depends strongly on the influx of calcium from the external media via presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels, we investigate the relationship between calcium channels, synaptic activity and developmental axonal elimination.
We studied how several calcium channel blockers affect (after 1 h of incubation) the total number of functional axons per muscle fiber (poly-innervation index) of the Levator auris longus muscle of 6-day-old rats. We determined the poly-innervation index by gradually raising the stimulus amplitude and recorded the recruitment of one or more axons that produced a stepwise increment of the endplate potential.
The L-type channel blocker nitrendipine (1 μM) increased the mean poly-innervation index (35.79%±3.91;
P<0.05). This effect was not washed out with normal Ringer, although the poly-innervation index returned to the control value when high-calcium Ringer (5 mM) was used. The P-type channel blocker ω-agatoxin-IVA (100 nM) also increased the number of recruitable endplate potentials (27.49%±1.78;
P<0.05), whereas N-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA (1 μM) was ineffective (
P>0.05). However, neither nitrendipine nor ω-agatoxin-IVA modified the poly-innervation index on high-calcium Ringer (
P>0.05 in both cases). A more intense inhibition of calcium influx (by the sequential use of two calcium channel blockers) did not recruit any additional silent synapses. Moderately increasing the magnesium ions (by 500 μM) in the physiological solution produces a synaptic recruitment (36.78%±2.1;
P<0.05) similar to that with L- and P-type calcium channel blockers incubation. This magnesium effect was not washed with normal Ringer but a Ringer that is high in calcium can reverse it. The recruited endings were identified by selective activity-dependent loading with styryl dyes. Rhodaminated α-bungarotoxin-labeled acetylcholine receptors were present in the postsynaptic counterpart.
Based on these findings we suggest that, before their complete retraction, functionally silent nerve terminals can be manifested or recovered if calcium influx is reduced by a calcium channel blocker or if external magnesium is increased. The normal activation of this calcium-dependent silencing mechanism during development may be related to the final loss of the supernumerary axons.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology</subject><subject>calcium channels</subject><subject>Calcium Channels - drug effects</subject><subject>Calcium Channels - metabolism</subject><subject>Calcium Signaling - drug effects</subject><subject>Calcium Signaling - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - physiology</subject><subject>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</subject><subject>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects</subject><subject>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology</subject><subject>Fluorescent Dyes</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Magnesium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - cytology</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - drug effects</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - innervation</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Junction - growth & development</subject><subject>Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</subject><subject>nitrendipine</subject><subject>polyneuronal innervation</subject><subject>Presynaptic Terminals - drug effects</subject><subject>Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism</subject><subject>Presynaptic Terminals - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>silent synapses</subject><subject>Synaptic Transmission - drug effects</subject><subject>Synaptic Transmission - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><subject>ω-agatoxin-IVA</subject><subject>ω-conotoxin-GVIA</subject><issn>0306-4522</issn><issn>1873-7544</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkctuFDEQRS0EIkPgE0DegGDR4Fe_VgiFpxSJBbC2qu1qcNRtD35E5FP4W9wzI7LMqizXubfKvoQ85ew1Z7x7841J1jWqFeIl468Ya5Vs-ntkx4e-Hlql7pPdf-SMPErpirED9pCccT4MQvbjjvx9jyYiJLTUwGJcWanz81L-1JIDzb-QegweMiw0QqZryCHWq3iNNGNcnYclVamnsRoVlylY67KrkqViJYa1JFMWiPSqeLM1ErUlOv_zYJ5uPOwTUlzc5rX16R6jC_YxeTBXb3xyqufkx8cP3y8-N5dfP325eHfZGNWr3AgmO2yZBc7lZKFlYuq6cbTTPHUMJHIELhAsa8G2ApRQUz-KTkqcTSf5JM_Ji6PvPobfBVPWq0sGlwXqw0vSPVcjV2y4E-RDOwohVAXbI2hiSCnirPfRrRBvNGd6C08fwtNbMppxfUhF91X37DSgTCvaW9UprQo8PwGQalpzBG9cuuVkNeTdtsDbI4f1364dRp2MQ2_QuppS1ja4O1b5B0uSul0</recordid><startdate>20020101</startdate><enddate>20020101</enddate><creator>Santafé, M.M</creator><creator>Garcia, N</creator><creator>Lanuza, M.A</creator><creator>Uchitel, O.D</creator><creator>Salon, I</creator><creator>Tomàs, J</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020101</creationdate><title>Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period</title><author>Santafé, M.M ; Garcia, N ; Lanuza, M.A ; Uchitel, O.D ; Salon, I ; Tomàs, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology</topic><topic>calcium channels</topic><topic>Calcium Channels - drug effects</topic><topic>Calcium Channels - metabolism</topic><topic>Calcium Signaling - drug effects</topic><topic>Calcium Signaling - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - physiology</topic><topic>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</topic><topic>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects</topic><topic>Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology</topic><topic>Fluorescent Dyes</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Magnesium - pharmacology</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - cytology</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - drug effects</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - innervation</topic><topic>Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects</topic><topic>Neuromuscular Junction - growth & development</topic><topic>Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</topic><topic>nitrendipine</topic><topic>polyneuronal innervation</topic><topic>Presynaptic Terminals - drug effects</topic><topic>Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism</topic><topic>Presynaptic Terminals - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>silent synapses</topic><topic>Synaptic Transmission - drug effects</topic><topic>Synaptic Transmission - physiology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><topic>ω-agatoxin-IVA</topic><topic>ω-conotoxin-GVIA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Santafé, M.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanuza, M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchitel, O.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salon, I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomàs, J</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Santafé, M.M</au><au>Garcia, N</au><au>Lanuza, M.A</au><au>Uchitel, O.D</au><au>Salon, I</au><au>Tomàs, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period</atitle><jtitle>Neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>Neuroscience</addtitle><date>2002-01-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>147</spage><epage>154</epage><pages>147-154</pages><issn>0306-4522</issn><eissn>1873-7544</eissn><coden>NRSCDN</coden><abstract>Individual skeletal muscle fibers in newborn vertebrates are innervated at a single endplate by several motor axons. During the first postnatal weeks, the polyneuronal innervation decreases in an activity-dependent process of synaptic elimination by axonal competition. Because synaptic activity depends strongly on the influx of calcium from the external media via presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels, we investigate the relationship between calcium channels, synaptic activity and developmental axonal elimination.
We studied how several calcium channel blockers affect (after 1 h of incubation) the total number of functional axons per muscle fiber (poly-innervation index) of the Levator auris longus muscle of 6-day-old rats. We determined the poly-innervation index by gradually raising the stimulus amplitude and recorded the recruitment of one or more axons that produced a stepwise increment of the endplate potential.
The L-type channel blocker nitrendipine (1 μM) increased the mean poly-innervation index (35.79%±3.91;
P<0.05). This effect was not washed out with normal Ringer, although the poly-innervation index returned to the control value when high-calcium Ringer (5 mM) was used. The P-type channel blocker ω-agatoxin-IVA (100 nM) also increased the number of recruitable endplate potentials (27.49%±1.78;
P<0.05), whereas N-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA (1 μM) was ineffective (
P>0.05). However, neither nitrendipine nor ω-agatoxin-IVA modified the poly-innervation index on high-calcium Ringer (
P>0.05 in both cases). A more intense inhibition of calcium influx (by the sequential use of two calcium channel blockers) did not recruit any additional silent synapses. Moderately increasing the magnesium ions (by 500 μM) in the physiological solution produces a synaptic recruitment (36.78%±2.1;
P<0.05) similar to that with L- and P-type calcium channel blockers incubation. This magnesium effect was not washed with normal Ringer but a Ringer that is high in calcium can reverse it. The recruited endings were identified by selective activity-dependent loading with styryl dyes. Rhodaminated α-bungarotoxin-labeled acetylcholine receptors were present in the postsynaptic counterpart.
Based on these findings we suggest that, before their complete retraction, functionally silent nerve terminals can be manifested or recovered if calcium influx is reduced by a calcium channel blocker or if external magnesium is increased. The normal activation of this calcium-dependent silencing mechanism during development may be related to the final loss of the supernumerary axons.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>11882379</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00543-7</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0306-4522 |
| ispartof | Neuroscience, 2002-01, Vol.110 (1), p.147-154 |
| issn | 0306-4522 1873-7544 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71491408 |
| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Animals Animals, Newborn Biological and medical sciences Calcium Channel Blockers - pharmacology calcium channels Calcium Channels - drug effects Calcium Channels - metabolism Calcium Signaling - drug effects Calcium Signaling - physiology Cell Differentiation - drug effects Cell Differentiation - physiology Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - drug effects Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - physiology Fluorescent Dyes Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Magnesium - pharmacology Motor Neurons - cytology Motor Neurons - drug effects Motor Neurons - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development Muscle, Skeletal - innervation Neuromuscular Junction - drug effects Neuromuscular Junction - growth & development Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects Neuronal Plasticity - physiology nitrendipine polyneuronal innervation Presynaptic Terminals - drug effects Presynaptic Terminals - metabolism Presynaptic Terminals - ultrastructure Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley silent synapses Synaptic Transmission - drug effects Synaptic Transmission - physiology Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs ω-agatoxin-IVA ω-conotoxin-GVIA |
| title | Decreased calcium influx into the neonatal rat motor nerve terminals can recruit additional neuromuscular junctions during the synapse elimination period |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-23T15%3A26%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Decreased%20calcium%20influx%20into%20the%20neonatal%20rat%20motor%20nerve%20terminals%20can%20recruit%20additional%20neuromuscular%20junctions%20during%20the%20synapse%20elimination%20period&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience&rft.au=Santaf%C3%A9,%20M.M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.epage=154&rft.pages=147-154&rft.issn=0306-4522&rft.eissn=1873-7544&rft.coden=NRSCDN&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00543-7&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E71491408%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2036e50da113bda502b6699dbfb60a3e1ea12ead05ad52a424b792633efc631b3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=18592224&rft_id=info:pmid/11882379&rfr_iscdi=true |