Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ

Two of the nucleosomal histone families, H3 and H2A, have highly conserved variants with specialized functions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the roles of two of the H2A variants, H2AX and H2AZ. H2AX is phosphorylated on a serine four residues from the carboxyl terminus in response to the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 2002-04, Vol.12 (2), p.162-169
Main Authors: Redon, Christophe, Pilch, Duane, Rogakou, Emmy, Sedelnikova, Olga, Newrock, Kenneth, Bonner, William
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Chromatin - physiology
DNA Damage - drug effects
DNA Damage - physiology
DNA Damage - radiation effects
DNA double-strand breaks
H2AX
H2AZ
histone
histone H2A
Histones - genetics
Histones - physiology
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Nucleosomes - physiology
Phosphorylation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Summary:Two of the nucleosomal histone families, H3 and H2A, have highly conserved variants with specialized functions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the roles of two of the H2A variants, H2AX and H2AZ. H2AX is phosphorylated on a serine four residues from the carboxyl terminus in response to the introduction of DNA double-strand breaks, whether these breaks are a result of environmental insult, metabolic mistake, or programmed process. H2AZ appears to alter nucleosome stability, is partially redundant with nucleosome remodeling complexes, and is involved in transcriptional control.
ISSN:0959-437X
1879-0380
DOI:10.1016/S0959-437X(02)00282-4