Isokinetic peak torque and hamstring/quadriceps ratios in young basketball players: Effects of age, velocity, and contraction mode

The purpose of this study was to provide an extensive isokinetic profile, including peak torque and "functional" and "conventional" muscle group ratios, of basketball players throughout the developmental years 12-17. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of age and angular vel...

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Published in:Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 2003-12, Vol.43 (4), p.444-452
Main Authors: GERODIMOS, V, MANDOU, V, ZAFEIRIDIS, A, IOAKIMIDIS, P, STAVROPOULOS, N, KELLIS, S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age Factors
Basketball - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Exercise
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Injuries
Knee - physiology
Male
Motion
Muscle Contraction - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscular Strength
Physical Activities
Physical Fitness
Profiles
Team Sports
Torque
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
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container_issue 4
container_start_page 444
container_title Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
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creator GERODIMOS, V
MANDOU, V
ZAFEIRIDIS, A
IOAKIMIDIS, P
STAVROPOULOS, N
KELLIS, S
description The purpose of this study was to provide an extensive isokinetic profile, including peak torque and "functional" and "conventional" muscle group ratios, of basketball players throughout the developmental years 12-17. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of age and angular velocity on peak torque and reciprocal muscle group ratios, and observed the force-velocity pattern. Basketball players (n=180) 12 to 17 years. were divided according to their age in 6 equal (n=30) groups aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 years. All subjects performed maximum knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 inverted exclamation mark /s and 180 inverted exclamation mark /s angular velocities under eccentric and concentric conditions. The absolute (Nm) peak torque was measured, and the relative peak torque (PT/BW) and "functional" and "conventional" reciprocal muscle group ratio (%) were calculated. PT/BW values of knee flexors ranged from 0.98 to 2.29 Nm/kg and of extensors from 1.53 to 3.69 Nm/kg, across all age, velocity, and muscle action levels. PT/BW was higher at slow speed and during eccentric contraction irrespective of age and angular velocity/muscle action. The results indicated a significant (p
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Furthermore, we investigated the effects of age and angular velocity on peak torque and reciprocal muscle group ratios, and observed the force-velocity pattern. Basketball players (n=180) 12 to 17 years. were divided according to their age in 6 equal (n=30) groups aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 years. All subjects performed maximum knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 inverted exclamation mark /s and 180 inverted exclamation mark /s angular velocities under eccentric and concentric conditions. The absolute (Nm) peak torque was measured, and the relative peak torque (PT/BW) and "functional" and "conventional" reciprocal muscle group ratio (%) were calculated. PT/BW values of knee flexors ranged from 0.98 to 2.29 Nm/kg and of extensors from 1.53 to 3.69 Nm/kg, across all age, velocity, and muscle action levels. PT/BW was higher at slow speed and during eccentric contraction irrespective of age and angular velocity/muscle action. The results indicated a significant (p&lt;0.05) age-related increase in peak torque independent of changes in BW. The force-velocity patterns were similar across ages. The "functional" and "conventional" ratios were not affected by age, but increased with increase in angular velocity, except the CON(KF)/ECC(KE) ratio that was higher (p&lt;0.05) at slow speed. The present study provides an extensive isokinetic profile of a knee joint in basketball players throughout developmental years 12-17. Coaches and physical therapist may use these information when evaluating and planning exercise programs during training and rehabilitation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4707</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1827-1928</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14767404</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMPFA3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Torino: Minerva medica</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Basketball - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Exercise ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Injuries ; Knee - physiology ; Male ; Motion ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Muscular Strength ; Physical Activities ; Physical Fitness ; Profiles ; Team Sports ; Torque ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. 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Furthermore, we investigated the effects of age and angular velocity on peak torque and reciprocal muscle group ratios, and observed the force-velocity pattern. Basketball players (n=180) 12 to 17 years. were divided according to their age in 6 equal (n=30) groups aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 years. All subjects performed maximum knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 inverted exclamation mark /s and 180 inverted exclamation mark /s angular velocities under eccentric and concentric conditions. The absolute (Nm) peak torque was measured, and the relative peak torque (PT/BW) and "functional" and "conventional" reciprocal muscle group ratio (%) were calculated. PT/BW values of knee flexors ranged from 0.98 to 2.29 Nm/kg and of extensors from 1.53 to 3.69 Nm/kg, across all age, velocity, and muscle action levels. PT/BW was higher at slow speed and during eccentric contraction irrespective of age and angular velocity/muscle action. The results indicated a significant (p&lt;0.05) age-related increase in peak torque independent of changes in BW. The force-velocity patterns were similar across ages. The "functional" and "conventional" ratios were not affected by age, but increased with increase in angular velocity, except the CON(KF)/ECC(KE) ratio that was higher (p&lt;0.05) at slow speed. The present study provides an extensive isokinetic profile of a knee joint in basketball players throughout developmental years 12-17. Coaches and physical therapist may use these information when evaluating and planning exercise programs during training and rehabilitation.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Basketball - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Knee - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motion</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Muscular Strength</topic><topic>Physical Activities</topic><topic>Physical Fitness</topic><topic>Profiles</topic><topic>Team Sports</topic><topic>Torque</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. 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Furthermore, we investigated the effects of age and angular velocity on peak torque and reciprocal muscle group ratios, and observed the force-velocity pattern. Basketball players (n=180) 12 to 17 years. were divided according to their age in 6 equal (n=30) groups aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 years. All subjects performed maximum knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 inverted exclamation mark /s and 180 inverted exclamation mark /s angular velocities under eccentric and concentric conditions. The absolute (Nm) peak torque was measured, and the relative peak torque (PT/BW) and "functional" and "conventional" reciprocal muscle group ratio (%) were calculated. PT/BW values of knee flexors ranged from 0.98 to 2.29 Nm/kg and of extensors from 1.53 to 3.69 Nm/kg, across all age, velocity, and muscle action levels. PT/BW was higher at slow speed and during eccentric contraction irrespective of age and angular velocity/muscle action. The results indicated a significant (p&lt;0.05) age-related increase in peak torque independent of changes in BW. The force-velocity patterns were similar across ages. The "functional" and "conventional" ratios were not affected by age, but increased with increase in angular velocity, except the CON(KF)/ECC(KE) ratio that was higher (p&lt;0.05) at slow speed. The present study provides an extensive isokinetic profile of a knee joint in basketball players throughout developmental years 12-17. Coaches and physical therapist may use these information when evaluating and planning exercise programs during training and rehabilitation.</abstract><cop>Torino</cop><pub>Minerva medica</pub><pmid>14767404</pmid><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0022-4707
ispartof Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2003-12, Vol.43 (4), p.444-452
issn 0022-4707
1827-1928
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71523864
source Social Science Premium Collection; Education Collection
subjects Adolescent
Age Factors
Basketball - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Exercise
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Injuries
Knee - physiology
Male
Motion
Muscle Contraction - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscular Strength
Physical Activities
Physical Fitness
Profiles
Team Sports
Torque
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
title Isokinetic peak torque and hamstring/quadriceps ratios in young basketball players: Effects of age, velocity, and contraction mode
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