Heightened embarrassability discriminates between panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia

Embarrassability refers to an individual's general susceptibility to becoming embarrassed and is closely linked to another personality characteristic known as fear of negative evaluation. To find out if panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia differ in terms of embarrassability and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 2003-09, Vol.34 (3), p.195-204
Main Authors: Swoboda, H., Demal, U., Krautgartner, M., Amering, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Psychological
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia - complications
Agoraphobia - psychology
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Biological and medical sciences
Demography
Embarrassability
Embarrassment
Fear - psychology
Fear of negative evaluation
Female
Gender differences
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Panic disorder
Panic Disorder - complications
Panic Disorder - psychology
Panic disorders
Personality Inventory
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Regression Analysis
Risk factors
Sex Factors
Susceptibility
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Summary:Embarrassability refers to an individual's general susceptibility to becoming embarrassed and is closely linked to another personality characteristic known as fear of negative evaluation. To find out if panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia differ in terms of embarrassability and fear of negative evaluation 100 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia, 30 patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of uncomplicated panic disorder and 80 controls were administered the Embarrassability Scale and the 12-item version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Depressive mood in the clinical group was assessed with the help of the Beck Depression Inventory. Comparisons between these three groups, between patients with mild, moderate, and severe phobic avoidance and between male and female subjects were carried out. Patients with agoraphobic avoidance showed significantly higher scores on both scales than patients with uncomplicated panic disorder and controls and women generally showed higher embarrassability scores than men. We conclude that heightened embarrassability is an important characteristic of patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia.
ISSN:0005-7916
1873-7943
DOI:10.1016/S0005-7916(03)00049-1