The gastrocnemius with soleus bi-muscle flap

The gastrocnemius muscle flap is often insufficient in volume and arc of rotation for coverage of a large soft tissue defect of the knee and the upper third of the leg. Therefore we developed a new concept of the flap which combines soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, named the ‘gastrocnemius with sol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of plastic surgery 2004, Vol.57 (1), p.77-82
Main Authors: Hyodo, Ikuo, Nakayama, Bin, Takahashi, Mitsuru, Toriyama, Kazuhiro, Kamei, Yuzuru, Torii, Shuhei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Female
Gastrocnemius muscle flap
Humans
Leg
Leg - blood supply
Leg Injuries - surgery
Medical sciences
Muscle, Skeletal - anatomy & histology
Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply
Perforator
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - methods
Soft Tissue Injuries - surgery
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Surgical Flaps - blood supply
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Summary:The gastrocnemius muscle flap is often insufficient in volume and arc of rotation for coverage of a large soft tissue defect of the knee and the upper third of the leg. Therefore we developed a new concept of the flap which combines soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, named the ‘gastrocnemius with soleus bi-muscle flap’. In 16 cadavers we studied the location and number of perforators, which penetrate the gastrocnemius muscle through the soleus muscle. In all cases perforators were found in the distal half of the gastrocnemius muscle. Angiography in one fresh cadaver confirmed that the soleus muscle could receive the reversed flow from the gastrocnemius muscle perforators. We subsequently treated a patient with exposed proximal tibia with this flap. This flap is useful to cover a large soft tissue defect of the knee and the upper third of the leg.
ISSN:0007-1226
1465-3087
DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2003.10.008