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The IGF Pathway Regulates Head Formation by Inhibiting Wnt Signaling in Xenopus
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are well known mitogens, both in vivo and in vitro, while functions in cellular differentiation have also been indicated. Here, we demonstrate a new role for the IGF pathway in regulating head formation in Xenopus embryos. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2, along with their...
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Published in: | Developmental biology 2002-04, Vol.244 (2), p.407-417 |
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creator | Richard-Parpaillon, Laurent Héligon, Christophe Chesnel, Franck Boujard, Daniel Philpott, Anna |
description | The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are well known mitogens, both in vivo and in vitro, while functions in cellular differentiation have also been indicated. Here, we demonstrate a new role for the IGF pathway in regulating head formation in Xenopus embryos. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2, along with their receptor IGF-1R, are expressed early during embryogenesis, and the IGF-1R is present particularly in anterior and dorsal structures. Overexpression of IGF-1 leads to anterior expansion of head neural tissue as well as formation of ectopic eyes and cement gland, while IGF-1 receptor depletion using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides drastically reduces head structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IGF signaling exerts this effect by antagonizing the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway in the early embryo, at the level of β-catenin. Thus, the IGF pathway is required for head formation during embryogenesis. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1006/dbio.2002.0605 |
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subjects | Animals Body Patterning ectopic eyes Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology Eye - embryology Female Freshwater Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Head - embryology head induction IGF Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - physiology Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - genetics Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - physiology Mitogens - genetics Morphogenesis Oocytes - cytology Oocytes - physiology Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Signal Transduction - physiology Wnt Wnt Proteins Xenopus Xenopus - embryology Xenopus - genetics Zebrafish Proteins |
title | The IGF Pathway Regulates Head Formation by Inhibiting Wnt Signaling in Xenopus |
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