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Analysing the mechanical performance and growth adaptation of Norway spruce using a non-linear finite-element model and experimental data

Thirteen Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees of different size, age, and social status, and grown under varying conditions, were investigated to see how they react to complex natural static loading under summer and winter conditions, and how they have adapted their growth to such combinati...

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Published in:Journal of experimental botany 2008-06, Vol.59 (9), p.2513-2528
Main Authors: Lundström, T, Jonas, T, Volkwein, A
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Language:English
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description Thirteen Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees of different size, age, and social status, and grown under varying conditions, were investigated to see how they react to complex natural static loading under summer and winter conditions, and how they have adapted their growth to such combinations of load and tree state. For this purpose a non-linear finite-element model and an extensive experimental data set were used, as well as a new formulation describing the degree to which the exploitation of the bending stress capacity is uniform. The three main findings were: material and geometric non-linearities play important roles when analysing tree deflections and critical loads; the strengths of the stem and the anchorage mutually adapt to the local wind acting on the tree crown in the forest canopy; and the radial stem growth follows a mechanically high-performance path because it adapts to prevailing as well as acute seasonal combinations of the tree state (e.g. frozen or unfrozen stem and anchorage) and load (e.g. wind and vertical and lateral snow pressure). Young trees appeared to adapt to such combinations in a more differentiated way than older trees. In conclusion, the mechanical performance of the Norway spruce studied was mostly very high, indicating that their overall growth had been clearly influenced by the external site- and tree-specific mechanical stress.
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Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Bark</subject><subject>Bending</subject><subject>Biochemistry and biology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>Coordinate systems</subject><subject>critical load</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Frozen soils</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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subjects Acclimatization
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Bark
Bending
Biochemistry and biology
Biological and medical sciences
Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties
Climate
Computer Simulation
Coordinate systems
critical load
Ecosystem
Frozen soils
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
mechanical optimisation
Microbiology
model performance and errors
Nonlinear Dynamics
Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils
Picea - chemistry
Picea - growth & development
Picea - physiology
Plant adaptation
Plant Stems - chemistry
Plant Stems - growth & development
Plant Stems - physiology
Research Papers
Rotation
Shear stress
Snow
Soil science
stem taper
Stress, Mechanical
structural behaviour
thigmomorphogenesis
Tree crowns
Tree growth
Trees
Wind
title Analysing the mechanical performance and growth adaptation of Norway spruce using a non-linear finite-element model and experimental data
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