Transdermal Extraction of Interstitial Fluid by Low‐Frequency Ultrasound Quantified with 3H2O as a Tracer Molecule

The transdermal extraction of interstitial fluid by low‐frequency ultrasound offers a potential minimally invasive method of obtaining a fluid sample for at‐home blood glucose monitoring. Here we show that the application of low‐frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) enhances the transdermal transport of int...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2000-09, Vol.89 (9), p.1170-1179
Main Authors: Cantrell, Jeffrey T., McArthur, Mark J., Pishko, Michael V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3H2O
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Transport
cavitation
diabetes
Extracellular Space - chemistry
Extracellular Space - diagnostic imaging
Extracellular Space - metabolism
extraction
Female
General pharmacology
glucose
Glucose - analysis
Glucose - metabolism
interstitial fluid
Male
Medical sciences
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
noninvasive
Pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenetics. Drug-receptor interactions
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Radiopharmaceuticals
Rats
Skin - cytology
Skin - diagnostic imaging
Skin - metabolism
transdermal
Tritium
Ultrasonics
Ultrasonography
ultrasound
Water - metabolism
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Summary:The transdermal extraction of interstitial fluid by low‐frequency ultrasound offers a potential minimally invasive method of obtaining a fluid sample for at‐home blood glucose monitoring. Here we show that the application of low‐frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) enhances the transdermal transport of interstitial fluid across hairless rat skin. Using 3H2O as a tracer injected intravenously, a measurable amount of water (>1 μL) was extracted without producing any histologic evidence of injury, even after repeated exposures. Piezoelectric transducers were imbedded in the extraction chamber and used to correlate ultrasound spectral properties to the amount of fluid extracted. Results indicate that the highest amount of water extracted occurs when the acoustic coupling media on the surface of the skin is cavitating, resulting in mild ablation of the stratum corneum and a reduction in its resistance to water mass transfer. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 89: 1170–1179, 2000
ISSN:0022-3549
1520-6017
DOI:10.1002/1520-6017(200009)89:9<1170::AID-JPS9>3.0.CO;2-9