Diabetes mellitus and retinopathy

The role of somatostatin and growth hormone in eye diseases recently became a matter of interest because of its link with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic patients the pathologic proliferation of blood vessels as a result of retinal ischemia is a major cause of blindness. The hypoxic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Digestive and liver disease 2004-02, Vol.36, p.S101-S105
Main Authors: Gargiulo, P, Giusti, C, Pietrobono, D, La Torre, D, Diacono, D, Tamburrano, G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenic factors
Diabetic Angiopathies - pathology
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy - drug therapy
Diabetic Retinopathy - pathology
Humans
Microvascular complications
Neovascularization
Receptor, IGF Type 1 - analysis
Receptors, Somatostatin - therapeutic use
Somatostatin analog
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Summary:The role of somatostatin and growth hormone in eye diseases recently became a matter of interest because of its link with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic patients the pathologic proliferation of blood vessels as a result of retinal ischemia is a major cause of blindness. The hypoxic portions of the retina release angiogenic factors, stimulating neovascularization. Somatostatin is a natural peptide hormone that affects the release of a number of other hormones, such as growth hormone, glucagon, insulin and gastrin. The somatostatin analog promises to be safe and effective treatment for severe diabetic retinopathy. This compound has been shown to block the local and systemic production of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone, which promote the angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation associated with proliferative retinopathy. Several studies have confirmed that using somatostatin analogs to block insulin-like growth factor 1 production is effective in reducing neovascularization and preventing disease progression to proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. Long-acting somatostatin analogs are currently being tested for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The development of somatostatin analogs with increased selectivity for receptor subtypes will provide improved outcomes in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy.
ISSN:1590-8658
1878-3562
DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2003.11.016