High-Acidity Determination in Salt-Containing Acids by Optical Sensors. The Scope of a Dual-Transducer Approach and the Hammett Acidity Function

A dual-transducer approach based on sol−gel optical sensors was recently reported to measure acid and salt concentrations, C acid and C salt, in concentrated aqueous LiCl−HCl, CaCl2−HCl, and AlCl3−HCl solutions (C acid at 5−6 M; C salt ≤ 2 M). The scope of this new approach has been studied in salt-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2002-06, Vol.74 (11), p.2535-2540
Main Authors: Canada, T. Andrew, Allain, Leonardo R, Beach, David B, Xue, Ziling
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Analytical chemistry
Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
General, instrumentation
Salt
Sensors
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Summary:A dual-transducer approach based on sol−gel optical sensors was recently reported to measure acid and salt concentrations, C acid and C salt, in concentrated aqueous LiCl−HCl, CaCl2−HCl, and AlCl3−HCl solutions (C acid at 5−6 M; C salt ≤ 2 M). The scope of this new approach has been studied in salt-containing HCl solutions with C acid at 2−9 M, and factors that influence sensor responses and accuracy have been investigated. A linear relationship between (∂A/∂C salt) C acid and (dA/dC acid) C salt=0 , which is the basis of this dual-transducer approach, was found to lead to an empirical linear relationship between (ΔH 0) C acid and (ΔC salt) C acid (H 0:  Hammett acidity function of the indicator encapsulated in the sensor).
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/ac0200623