Nonhuman primates contribute unique understanding to anovulatory infertility in women

Anovulatory infertility affects a large proportion of reproductive-aged women. Major improvements in successful clinical treatment of this prevalent disorder in women's health have been made possible because of biomedical research employing nonhuman primates. Experiments on female rhesus monkey...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ILAR journal 2004, Vol.45 (2), p.116-131
Main Authors: Abbott, D.H, Foong, S.C, Barnett, D.K, Dumesic, D.A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
animal models
Animals
anovulation
Anovulation - physiopathology
Disease Models, Animal
Female
female fertility
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism
human health
Humans
Hyperprolactinemia - physiopathology
Hypothalamus - physiopathology
Infertility, Female - physiopathology
laboratory animals
Leptin - metabolism
literature reviews
monkeys
Ovarian Diseases - physiopathology
Primates - metabolism
Primates - physiology
Stress, Physiological - physiopathology
Time Factors
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Summary:Anovulatory infertility affects a large proportion of reproductive-aged women. Major improvements in successful clinical treatment of this prevalent disorder in women's health have been made possible because of biomedical research employing nonhuman primates. Experiments on female rhesus monkeys were the first to demonstrate that the key hypothalamic neurotransmitter, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, involved in stimulating pituitary gonadotropin synthesis, storage, and release was bioactive only when released in approximately hourly bursts. This breakthrough in understanding gonadotropin regulation enabled identification of hypogonadotropic, apparently normogonadotropic, and hypergonadotropic forms of anovulatory infertility, and development of appropriate stimulatory or inhibitory gonadotropin therapies. Treatments to overcome anovulatory infertility represent one of the major advances in clinical reproductive endocrinology during the last 25 yr. The future promise of nonhuman primate models for human ovulatory dysfunction, however, may be based on an increased understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms responsible for fetal programming of adult metabolic and reproductive defects and for obesity-related, hyperinsulinemic impairment of oocyte development.
ISSN:1084-2020
1930-6180
DOI:10.1093/ilar.45.2.116