Types of marital closeness and mortality risk in older couples

This study examines the impact of marital closeness on survival over 6 years in a community-dwelling sample of 305 older couples. Closeness is defined as 1) naming one's spouse as a confidant or source of emotional support (vs. not naming) and 2) being named by spouse on at least one of the two...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychosomatic medicine 2002-07, Vol.64 (4), p.644-659
Main Authors: Tower, Roni Beth, Kasl, Stanislav V, Darefsky, Amy S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Affect
Aged
Attitude
Body Mass Index
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis
Cognition Disorders - epidemiology
Depression - diagnosis
Depression - epidemiology
Female
Health Status
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
Longevity
Male
Marriage - psychology
Psychological Theory
Social Support
Surveys and Questionnaires
Survival Rate
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Summary:This study examines the impact of marital closeness on survival over 6 years in a community-dwelling sample of 305 older couples. Closeness is defined as 1) naming one's spouse as a confidant or source of emotional support (vs. not naming) and 2) being named by spouse on at least one of the two dimensions (vs. not being named). The survival effects of both naming and being named are examined in Cox proportional hazard regressions, controlling for sociodemographic, health status, and behavioral variables. Husbands who were named by their wives but did not name them were least likely to have died after 6 years. Compared with them, husbands in marriages with the other three styles of closeness were from 3.30 to 4.68 times more likely to be dead. Wives' results showed the same pattern of effects, with the same marital style being most protective as for husbands, but the effects were weaker. However, wives' results were strongly moderated by parenting status: those who had ever had children who were in the marital closeness pattern of wife naming husband but not being named by him were highly protected. Compared with these wives, others who had had children were from 8.26 to 10.95 times less likely to be alive after 6 years. The same pattern of marital closeness most benefited husbands and those wives who had had children. These findings are not explained adequately by social support or marital role theory although they fit the latter more closely.
ISSN:0033-3174
DOI:10.1097/00006842-200207000-00015