A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

• Published in: Journal of economic entomology 2004-04, Vol.97 (2), p.451-459
• Main Authors: Petrice, T. R., Strazanac, J. S., Butler, L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Appalachian Mountains; Appalachian Region; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological and medical sciences; Control; FOREST ENTOMOLOGY; forest insects; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Generalities; gypsy moth; host associations; host-parasite relationships; Hymenoptera; Hymenoptera - classification; Hymenoptera - growth & development; hyperparasitoids; indigenous species; insect pests; insect surveys; introduced species; Larva - growth & development; Lepidoptera; Lepidoptera - classification; Lepidoptera - growth & development; Lymantria dispar; national forests; new host records; parasitoids; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Population Density; Protozoa. Invertebrates; species diversity; Trees
• ISSN: 0022-0493; 1938-291X
• DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.2.451

In 1995 and 1996, we conducted a study of the hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae in the George Washington National Forest (GWNF), Augusta County, Virginia, and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), Pocahontas County, West Virginia. Macrolepidopteran larvae were collected from canopy foliage and from under canvas bands placed around tree boles. A total of 115 macrolepidopteran species and 5,235 individual larvae were reared. Forty-two percent (2,221) of the larvae were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae). A total of 43 primary and seven secondary (hyperparasitoid) hymenopteran parasitoid species were reared from 46 macrolepidopteran species. Hymenopteran families represented included Ichneumonidae (23 species), Braconidae (19), Eulophidae (6), Perilampidae (1), and Trigonalidae (1). We reared 41 and 28 parasitoid species from the GWNF and the MNF, respectively, with 19 species reared from both forests. Many parasitoid species were collected infrequently, suggesting that they are relatively rare on the sampled hosts. The introduced species Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Braconidae), and Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus) (Eulophidae) were among the most commonly reared parasitoids, the latter reared from native hosts. The four most commonly reared native parasitoids were Meteorus hyphantriae Riley (Braconidae), Microplitis near hyphantriae (Ashmead) (Braconidae), Aleiodes preclarus Marsh & Shaw, and Euplectrus maculiventris (Westwood) (Eulophidae). A total of 53 new hymenopteran parasitoid-macrolepidopteran host records were documented. Results from this study will be used to evaluate long-term treatment effects of regional applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, and the gypsy moth fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper on hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae.