Molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of mariner-like transposons in the genome of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Genome-wide screening of mariner-like elements(MLEs) in the silkworm Bombyx morihas revealed the presence of five different types of MLEs (Bmmar1, Bmmar2, Bmmar3, Bmmar4 and Bmmar5). We isolated and characterized sixty copies of the MLEs representing the five Bmmar types. Their nucleotide sequences,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Insect molecular biology 2004-06, Vol.13 (3), p.259-271
Main Authors: Kumaresan, G, Mathavan, S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
amino acid sequences
Animals
Base Composition
Base Sequence
Blotting, Northern
Blotting, Southern
Bmmar
Bombyx - genetics
Bombyx mori
Cluster Analysis
codons
copy number
DNA Primers
DNA Transposable Elements - genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
evolution
Gene Components
Genetic Variation
genome
India
insect genome
mariner-like elements
miniature transposons
MITE
Models, Genetic
molecular diversity
Molecular Sequence Data
mutation
nucleotide sequences
open reading frames
Open Reading Frames - genetics
phylogenetic analysis
Phylogeny
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Analysis, DNA
sequence homology
silkworm
silkworms
transposase
Transposases
transposon
transposon fossils
transposons
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Summary:Genome-wide screening of mariner-like elements(MLEs) in the silkworm Bombyx morihas revealed the presence of five different types of MLEs (Bmmar1, Bmmar2, Bmmar3, Bmmar4 and Bmmar5). We isolated and characterized sixty copies of the MLEs representing the five Bmmar types. Their nucleotide sequences, nucleotide compositions, deduced transposase sequences, codon preferences, and the copy numbers showed extensive variations. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that Bmmar1, Bmmar2, and Bmmar3 have been in the B. morigenome for a long time, while Bmmar4 is probably a recent invader of the genome. Because of the long-term association of Bmmar1and Bmmar2 with the genome, highly mutated miniature Bmmar1and Bmmar2 are widespread in the genome, and the footprints of these elements are also present in different silkworm genes. However, miniature copies of Bmmar4 were not detected. This recently acquired element has very few mutations. None of the characterized copies had functional transposase open reading frames. They essentially exist as fossils in the genome.
ISSN:0962-1075
1365-2583
DOI:10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00483.x