Determination of the Absolute Configuration of [32](1,4)Barrelenophanedicarbonitrile Using Concerted Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations of Optical Rotation and Electronic Circular Dichroism

• Published in: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004-06, Vol.126 (24), p.7514-7521
• Main Authors: Stephens, P. J, McCann, D. M, Devlin, F. J, Cheeseman, J. R, Frisch, M. J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Atomic and molecular physics; Barrier heights (internal rotation, inversion, rotational isomerism, conformational dynamics); Exact sciences and technology; Molecular properties and interactions with photons; Physics; Properties of molecules and molecular ions
• ISSN: 0002-7863; 1520-5126
• DOI: 10.1021/ja049185q

The technique of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has very recently been applied to the calculation of both transparent spectral region optical rotations and electronic circular dichroism (CD). Here, we report the concerted application of the new methodologies to the determination of the absolute configuration (AC) of [32](1,4)barrelenophanedicarbonitrile, 1, the first optically active barrelenophane. 1 is conformationally flexible:  the two three-carbon bridges of 1 can each exhibit two conformations, leading to three inequivalent conformations of 1:  a, b, and c. Conformational structures and energies are predicted using DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Comparison of the calculated structures to structures obtained via X-ray crystallography of (+)-1 shows that (remarkably) all three conformations a−c are simultaneously present in crystalline (+)-1. The sodium D line specific rotations, [α]D, and CD spectra of a−c are calculated using TDDFT at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Comparison of the conformationally averaged specific rotation and CD spectrum to the experimental data of Matsuda-Sentou and Shinmyozu leads to the AC 9S,12S(+)/9R,12R(−). The same AC is obtained both from [α]D and from the CD, strongly supporting its reliability.