A Review of the Terms Agglomerate and Aggregate with a Recommendation for Nomenclature Used in Powder and Particle Characterization

The terms “agglomerate” and “aggregate” are widely used by powder technologists to describe assemblages of particles that are found in dry powders and powders in liquid suspensions. Each term has a specific meaning but, unfortunately, they are frequently interchanged at will and this has resulted in...

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Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2002-10, Vol.91 (10), p.2103-2109
Main Authors: Nichols, Gary, Byard, Stephen, Bloxham, Mark J., Botterill, Joanne, Dawson, Neil J., Dennis, Andrew, Diart, Valerie, North, Nigel C., Sherwood, John D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
agglomerate
aggregate
Biological and medical sciences
Drug Compounding
Excipients
General pharmacology
Medical sciences
nomenclature
particle assemblage
Particle Size
Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
powder characterization
powder properties
Powders - classification
Suspensions
Terminology as Topic
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4331-e733dece8509c4d1b06ea4e1cb01c9266850ec3da1f07b5c0301095c720d71ed3
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container_end_page 2109
container_issue 10
container_start_page 2103
container_title Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
container_volume 91
creator Nichols, Gary
Byard, Stephen
Bloxham, Mark J.
Botterill, Joanne
Dawson, Neil J.
Dennis, Andrew
Diart, Valerie
North, Nigel C.
Sherwood, John D.
description The terms “agglomerate” and “aggregate” are widely used by powder technologists to describe assemblages of particles that are found in dry powders and powders in liquid suspensions. Each term has a specific meaning but, unfortunately, they are frequently interchanged at will and this has resulted in universal confusion. This confusion is perpetuated by conflicting definitions in national and international standards and this presents problems when describing powder properties or communicating results in reports and research papers. This paper reviews the current status of the definitions, with particular emphasis on their use in the pharmaceutical industry. It is proposed that just one term, agglomerate, should be used to describe an assemblage of particles in a powder and that the term aggregate should be confined to pre‐nucleation structures. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:2103–2109, 2002
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jps.10191
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source Wiley Online Library; ScienceDirect Journals
subjects agglomerate
aggregate
Biological and medical sciences
Drug Compounding
Excipients
General pharmacology
Medical sciences
nomenclature
particle assemblage
Particle Size
Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
powder characterization
powder properties
Powders - classification
Suspensions
Terminology as Topic
title A Review of the Terms Agglomerate and Aggregate with a Recommendation for Nomenclature Used in Powder and Particle Characterization
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