Association between headache and anxiety disorders indicators in a school sample from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

• Published in: Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2002-09, Vol.60 (3-B), p.764-768
• Main Authors: Gorayeb, Maria Angela Marchini, Gorayeb, Ricardo
• Format: Article
• Language: eng ; por
• Subjects: Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders - complications; Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology; Brazil - epidemiology; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Headache - epidemiology; Headache - psychology; Humans; Male; Manifest Anxiety Scale; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires
• ISSN: 0004-282X
• DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2002000500016

A sample of 374 public elementary and junior high school students aged 8 to 13 years were evaluated to assess the prevalence of frequent headache complaints, associated with indications of anxiety disorder. Parents answered a questionnaire to investigate the presence and frequency of headache and of behaviors/symptoms that might indicate the presence of anxiety disorders. Children were evaluated using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale adapted to this population. Among them, 45.4% had never had a headache complaint; 41.2% had occasional headache complaints; and 13.5% had frequent headache complaints. Among children with frequent headache complaints there were more girls than boys, higher anxiety scores, higher occurrence of bruxism, and higher frequency of agitation. The high prevalence of headache and its association with bruxism in this sample is compatible with North American and Brazilian epidemiological data. Results show an association between frequent headache complaints and high anxiety scores.