A comparison between low-dose (1 µg), standard-dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation tests and insulin tolerance test in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in primary fibromyalgia syndrome

OBJECTIVE Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a nonarticular rheumatological syndrome characterized by disturbances in the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The site of the defect in the HPA axis is a matter of debate. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis by the insulin‐tolerance test (IT...

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Published in:Clinical endocrinology (Oxford) 2001-10, Vol.55 (4), p.455-459
Main Authors: Kırnap, M., Çolak, R., Eser, C., Özsoy, O., Tutus, A., Kelestimur, F.
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Language:English
Subjects:
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - administration & dosage
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Glucose - analysis
Case-Control Studies
Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases
Drug Administration Schedule
Female
Fibromyalgia - physiopathology
Humans
Hydrocortisone - blood
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology
Insulin
Male
Medical sciences
Neurology
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology
Stimulation, Chemical
Tropical medicine
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creator Kırnap, M.
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description OBJECTIVE Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a nonarticular rheumatological syndrome characterized by disturbances in the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The site of the defect in the HPA axis is a matter of debate. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis by the insulin‐tolerance test (ITT), standard dose (250 µg) ACTH test (SDT) and low dose (1 µg) ACTH test (LDT) in patients with PFS. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Sixteen patients (13 female, three male) with PFS were included in the study. Sixteen healthy subjects (12 female, four male) served as matched controls. ACTH stimulation tests were carried out by using 1 µg and 250 µg intravenous (i.v.) ACTH as a bolus injection after an overnight fast, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30 and 60 min. The ITT was performed by using i.v. soluble insulin, and serum glucose and cortisol levels were measured before and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The 1 µg and 250 µg ACTH stimulation tests and the ITT were performed consecutively. RESULTS Peak cortisol responses to both the low dose test (LDT) and standard dose test (SDT) (589 ± 100 nmol/l; 777 ± 119 nmol/l, respectively) were lower in the PFS group than in the control group (1001 ± 370 nmol/l; 1205 ± 386 nmol/l, respectively) (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01373.x
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The site of the defect in the HPA axis is a matter of debate. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis by the insulin‐tolerance test (ITT), standard dose (250 µg) ACTH test (SDT) and low dose (1 µg) ACTH test (LDT) in patients with PFS. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Sixteen patients (13 female, three male) with PFS were included in the study. Sixteen healthy subjects (12 female, four male) served as matched controls. ACTH stimulation tests were carried out by using 1 µg and 250 µg intravenous (i.v.) ACTH as a bolus injection after an overnight fast, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30 and 60 min. The ITT was performed by using i.v. soluble insulin, and serum glucose and cortisol levels were measured before and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The 1 µg and 250 µg ACTH stimulation tests and the ITT were performed consecutively. RESULTS Peak cortisol responses to both the low dose test (LDT) and standard dose test (SDT) (589 ± 100 nmol/l; 777 ± 119 nmol/l, respectively) were lower in the PFS group than in the control group (1001 ± 370 nmol/l; 1205 ± 386 nmol/l, respectively) (P &lt; 0·0001). Peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group were lower than in the control group (1219 ± 412 nmol/l) (P &lt; 0·0001). Six of the 16 patients with PFS had peak cortisol responses to LDT lower than the lowest peak cortisol response of 555 nmol/l obtained in healthy subjects after LDT. There was a significant difference between the peak cortisol responses to LDT (589 ± 100 nmol/l) and peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group (P &lt; 0.0001). Peak cortisol responses to SDT (777 ± 119 nmol/l) were similar to peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group. CONCLUSION We conclude that the perturbation of the HPA axis in PFS is characterized by underactivation of the HPA axis. Some patients with PFS may have subnormal adrenocortical function. LDT is more sensitive than SDT or ITT in the investigation of the HPA axis to determine the subnormal adrenocortical function in patients with PFS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-0664</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2265</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01373.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11678827</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CLECAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - administration &amp; dosage ; Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Fibromyalgia - physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology ; Insulin ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Neurology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tropical medicine</subject><ispartof>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford), 2001-10, Vol.55 (4), p.455-459</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4993-b7f5fd731666a9f87222b902e593d09c641b77269a0b7ffd6c181825990c5cfd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4993-b7f5fd731666a9f87222b902e593d09c641b77269a0b7ffd6c181825990c5cfd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=14126936$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11678827$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kırnap, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çolak, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eser, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özsoy, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tutus, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelestimur, F.</creatorcontrib><title>A comparison between low-dose (1 µg), standard-dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation tests and insulin tolerance test in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in primary fibromyalgia syndrome</title><title>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a nonarticular rheumatological syndrome characterized by disturbances in the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The site of the defect in the HPA axis is a matter of debate. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis by the insulin‐tolerance test (ITT), standard dose (250 µg) ACTH test (SDT) and low dose (1 µg) ACTH test (LDT) in patients with PFS. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Sixteen patients (13 female, three male) with PFS were included in the study. Sixteen healthy subjects (12 female, four male) served as matched controls. ACTH stimulation tests were carried out by using 1 µg and 250 µg intravenous (i.v.) ACTH as a bolus injection after an overnight fast, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30 and 60 min. The ITT was performed by using i.v. soluble insulin, and serum glucose and cortisol levels were measured before and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The 1 µg and 250 µg ACTH stimulation tests and the ITT were performed consecutively. RESULTS Peak cortisol responses to both the low dose test (LDT) and standard dose test (SDT) (589 ± 100 nmol/l; 777 ± 119 nmol/l, respectively) were lower in the PFS group than in the control group (1001 ± 370 nmol/l; 1205 ± 386 nmol/l, respectively) (P &lt; 0·0001). Peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group were lower than in the control group (1219 ± 412 nmol/l) (P &lt; 0·0001). Six of the 16 patients with PFS had peak cortisol responses to LDT lower than the lowest peak cortisol response of 555 nmol/l obtained in healthy subjects after LDT. There was a significant difference between the peak cortisol responses to LDT (589 ± 100 nmol/l) and peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group (P &lt; 0.0001). Peak cortisol responses to SDT (777 ± 119 nmol/l) were similar to peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group. CONCLUSION We conclude that the perturbation of the HPA axis in PFS is characterized by underactivation of the HPA axis. Some patients with PFS may have subnormal adrenocortical function. LDT is more sensitive than SDT or ITT in the investigation of the HPA axis to determine the subnormal adrenocortical function in patients with PFS.</description><subject>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - analysis</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibromyalgia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Stimulation, Chemical</subject><subject>Tropical medicine</subject><issn>0300-0664</issn><issn>1365-2265</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkc2O0zAUhSMEYsrAKyBvQCCR4p_GjhcsqmqmBY0GRhrE0rpJnKmLExc7oe2DzQuw461w2mhmy8r2ud-5vvZJEkTwlOAZ_7iZEsazlFKeTSnGZIoJE2y6f5JMHgpPkwlmGKeY89lZ8iKEDcY4y7F4npwRwkWeUzFJ_s5R6ZoteBNciwrd7bRukXW7tHJBo3cE_bm_e_8BhQ7aCnw1yjTDxwKaL25XsWia3kJnYotOhy6gCCPTht6aqDirPbSlPtbQoKw10r_B9ieLq9H6sHXdGiw0Lt2arjcd-EMKldctWAR7Ewbf1psm6qg2hXfNAeydARQObRVP-mXyrAYb9KtxPU--X17cLlbp1dfl58X8Ki1nUrK0EHVWV4IRzjnIOheU0kJiqjPJKixLPiOFEJRLwBGtK16SnOQ0kxKXWVlX7Dx5e-q79e5XH1-kGhNKbS202vVBDQ1lzngE8xNYeheC17Ua51cEqyFGtVFDWmpISw0xqmOMah-tr8c7-qLR1aNxzC0Cb0YAQgm2Hv7XhEduRuILjjN8OnE7Y_XhvwdQi4vrYRf96clvQqf3D37wPxUXTGTqx_VSyZtltvzybaVu2D-rq8vc</recordid><startdate>200110</startdate><enddate>200110</enddate><creator>Kırnap, M.</creator><creator>Çolak, R.</creator><creator>Eser, C.</creator><creator>Özsoy, O.</creator><creator>Tutus, A.</creator><creator>Kelestimur, F.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200110</creationdate><title>A comparison between low-dose (1 µg), standard-dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation tests and insulin tolerance test in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in primary fibromyalgia syndrome</title><author>Kırnap, M. ; Çolak, R. ; Eser, C. ; Özsoy, O. ; Tutus, A. ; Kelestimur, F.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4993-b7f5fd731666a9f87222b902e593d09c641b77269a0b7ffd6c181825990c5cfd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - analysis</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibromyalgia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Stimulation, Chemical</topic><topic>Tropical medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kırnap, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çolak, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eser, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özsoy, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tutus, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelestimur, F.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kırnap, M.</au><au>Çolak, R.</au><au>Eser, C.</au><au>Özsoy, O.</au><au>Tutus, A.</au><au>Kelestimur, F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A comparison between low-dose (1 µg), standard-dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation tests and insulin tolerance test in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in primary fibromyalgia syndrome</atitle><jtitle>Clinical endocrinology (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)</addtitle><date>2001-10</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>455</spage><epage>459</epage><pages>455-459</pages><issn>0300-0664</issn><eissn>1365-2265</eissn><coden>CLECAP</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a nonarticular rheumatological syndrome characterized by disturbances in the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The site of the defect in the HPA axis is a matter of debate. Our aim was to evaluate the HPA axis by the insulin‐tolerance test (ITT), standard dose (250 µg) ACTH test (SDT) and low dose (1 µg) ACTH test (LDT) in patients with PFS. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Sixteen patients (13 female, three male) with PFS were included in the study. Sixteen healthy subjects (12 female, four male) served as matched controls. ACTH stimulation tests were carried out by using 1 µg and 250 µg intravenous (i.v.) ACTH as a bolus injection after an overnight fast, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30 and 60 min. The ITT was performed by using i.v. soluble insulin, and serum glucose and cortisol levels were measured before and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The 1 µg and 250 µg ACTH stimulation tests and the ITT were performed consecutively. RESULTS Peak cortisol responses to both the low dose test (LDT) and standard dose test (SDT) (589 ± 100 nmol/l; 777 ± 119 nmol/l, respectively) were lower in the PFS group than in the control group (1001 ± 370 nmol/l; 1205 ± 386 nmol/l, respectively) (P &lt; 0·0001). Peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group were lower than in the control group (1219 ± 412 nmol/l) (P &lt; 0·0001). Six of the 16 patients with PFS had peak cortisol responses to LDT lower than the lowest peak cortisol response of 555 nmol/l obtained in healthy subjects after LDT. There was a significant difference between the peak cortisol responses to LDT (589 ± 100 nmol/l) and peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group (P &lt; 0.0001). Peak cortisol responses to SDT (777 ± 119 nmol/l) were similar to peak cortisol responses to ITT (730 ± 81 nmol/l) in the PFS group. CONCLUSION We conclude that the perturbation of the HPA axis in PFS is characterized by underactivation of the HPA axis. Some patients with PFS may have subnormal adrenocortical function. LDT is more sensitive than SDT or ITT in the investigation of the HPA axis to determine the subnormal adrenocortical function in patients with PFS.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>11678827</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01373.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - administration & dosage
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Glucose - analysis
Case-Control Studies
Diseases of striated muscles. Neuromuscular diseases
Drug Administration Schedule
Female
Fibromyalgia - physiopathology
Humans
Hydrocortisone - blood
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology
Insulin
Male
Medical sciences
Neurology
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology
Stimulation, Chemical
Tropical medicine
title A comparison between low-dose (1 µg), standard-dose (250 µg) ACTH stimulation tests and insulin tolerance test in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in primary fibromyalgia syndrome
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