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Osteoclast recruitment to sites of compression in orthodontic tooth movement

Although it is widely acknowledged that osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of mononuclear cells of hematopoietic origin, it has been extremely difficult to understand how they originate after appliance activation. The purpose of this study was to quantify osteoclast recruitment at compression site...

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Published in:American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 2001-11, Vol.120 (5), p.477-489
Main Authors: Rody, Wellington J., King, Gregory J., Gu, Gaoman
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container_title American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
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description Although it is widely acknowledged that osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of mononuclear cells of hematopoietic origin, it has been extremely difficult to understand how they originate after appliance activation. The purpose of this study was to quantify osteoclast recruitment at compression sites as a function of time following orthodontic force application. Appliances were placed in 96 rats. At day 0, the animals were randomized to either appliance activation or sham activation followed by the injection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Thus, BrdU was incorporated into the nuclei of cells in S-phase, including hematopoietic stem cells. Groups of 10 to 13 rats were killed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after activation/sham, and the tissue samples were prepared. The numbers of BrdU-labeled cells positively stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were measured in the periodontium. A significant number of BrdU-positive preosteoclasts was observed in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone surface at day 3. The number of osteoclastic cells in the bone marrow also peaked at day 3; however, the highest percentage of cells in this location was observed at day 1. These data suggest that osteoclasts in the PDL originate by the fusion of recently recruited preosteoclasts from the marrow instead of from local PDL cells. Furthermore, the alveolar bone marrow plays a role in the formation of osteoclasts during orthodontic tooth movement. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:477-89)
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subjects Acid Phosphatase - metabolism
Alveolar Process - cytology
Animals
Bone Marrow Cells - cytology
Bone Remodeling - physiology
Bromodeoxyuridine
Cell Differentiation
Cell Fusion
Coloring Agents
Dental Stress Analysis
Dentistry
Isoenzymes - metabolism
Male
Osteoclasts - cytology
Osteoclasts - physiology
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Staining and Labeling
Statistics, Nonparametric
Stress, Mechanical
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
Tooth Movement Techniques
title Osteoclast recruitment to sites of compression in orthodontic tooth movement
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