Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortenings enriched with plant stanol esters

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition 2000-09, Vol.54 (9), p.671-677
• Main Authors: PLAT, J, VAN ONSELEN, E. N. M, VAN HEUGTEN, M. M. A, MENSINK, R. P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage; Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - analysis; Biological and medical sciences; Blindness; Blood lipoproteins; Carotene; Carotenoids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Clinical nutrition; Clinical trials; Consumer products; Cross-Over Studies; Density; Diet; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary intake; Double-Blind Method; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Flowers & plants; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health aspects; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Intestines - metabolism; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins - blood; Low density lipoprotein; Lunches; Lycopene; Male; Margarine; Meals; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Nutrition; Nutritional aspects; Phytosterols - administration & dosage; Phytosterols - pharmacology; Plants - chemistry; Properties; Proteins; Proteolipids; Rapeseed; Rapeseed oil; Serum lipids; Sitosterols - administration & dosage; Sitosterols - pharmacology; Standardization; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Triglycerides; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; β-Carotene
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601071

To examine in humans the effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat-soluble antioxidants of a daily consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols, consumed either once per day at lunch or divided over the three meals. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Thirty-nine healthy normocholesterolemic or mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects participated. Each subject consumed in random order; no plant stanols; 2.5 g plant stanols at lunch; and 2.5 g plant stanols divided over the three meals (0.42 g at breakfast, 0.84 g at lunch and 1.25 g at dinner, which is proportional to dietary cholesterol intake). Each period lasted 4 weeks. Plant stanols were esterified with fatty acids from low erucic rapeseed oil (LEAR) and incorporated into margarines or shortenings. Consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols at lunch results in a similar low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering efficacy compared to consumption of 2.5 g plant stanols divided over the three meals (-0. 29 mmol/l compared with the control period (P