Glutamine-Enriched Total Parenteral Nutrition Maintains Intestinal Interleukin-4 and Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Levels

• Published in: JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition 2000-09, Vol.24 (5), p.270-275
• Main Authors: Kudsk, Kenneth A., Wu, Yong, Fukatsu, Kazuhiko, Zarzaur, Ben L., Johnson, Cheryl D., Wang, Roger, Hanna, M. Keith
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Glutamine - administration & dosage; Glutamine - pharmacology; Immunoglobulin A - analysis; Immunoglobulin A - drug effects; Interleukin-10 - analysis; Interleukin-4 - analysis; Intestinal Mucosa - immunology; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Random Allocation; Respiratory System - immunology
• ISSN: 0148-6071; 1941-2444
• DOI: 10.1177/0148607100024005270

Background: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) prevents progressive malnutrition but fails to maintain intestinal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) or established respiratory antiviral or antibacterial mucosal immunity. Our previous work demonstrated that decreases in intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were associated with decreases in Th2-type IgA-stimulating cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Because glutamine supplementation of TPN partially preserves respiratory defenses and normalizes GALT, we investigated the ability of parenteral glutamine to normalize respiratory and intestinal IgA levels and measured Th2 cytokines in intestinal homogenates. Methods: Animals were cannulated and randomly assigned to receive chow (n = 17), TPN (n = 18), or an isonitrogenous, isocaloric TPN solution formulated by removing the appropriate amount of amino acids and replacing them with 2% glutamine (n = 18) for 5 days. Respiratory tract and intestinal washings were obtained for IgA and the intestine homogenized and analyzed for IL-4 and IL-10. Results: TPN decreased intestinal and respiratory IgA in association with decreases in intestinal IL-4 and IL-10 compared with chow-fed animals. Glutamine significantly improved respiratory and intestinal IgA levels, significantly improved IL-4 compared with TPN animals, and maintained IL-10 levels midway between chow-fed and TPN animals. Conclusions: Glutamine-enriched TPN preserved both extraintestinal and intestinal IgA levels and had a normalizing effect on Th2-type IgA-stimulating cytokines. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 24:270 -275, 2000)