Antioxidant and thyroid hormone status in selenium-deficient phenylketonuric and hyperphenylalaninemic patients

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition 2000-10, Vol.72 (4), p.976-981
• Main Authors: VAN BAKEL, Marit M. E, PRINTZEN, Gert, WERMUTH, Bendicht, WIESMANN, Ulrich N
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoacid disorders; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - analysis; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Diet, Protein-Restricted - adverse effects; Errors of metabolism; Female; Glutathione Disulfide - blood; Glutathione Peroxidase - blood; Glutathione Reductase - blood; Glutathione Transferase - blood; Hormones; Humans; Infant; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Nutrition; Phenylketonurias - blood; Phenylketonurias - diet therapy; Proteins; Selenium - blood; Selenium - deficiency; Serum Albumin - analysis; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Superoxide Dismutase - blood; Thyroid gland; Thyroxine - blood; Triiodothyronine - blood; Uric Acid - blood; Vitamin E - blood
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.4.976

Subjects consuming protein-restricted diets, such as patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) or milder hyperphenylalaninemias (HPAs) are at risk of selenium deficiency. Selenium is a cofactor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase and of the thyroid hormone converting enzyme thyroxine deiodinase. Our goal was to investigate the effects of low plasma selenium on antioxidant and thyroid hormone status. We assessed plasma selenium, plasma total antioxidant status and the individual components thereof, erythrocyte antioxidant status, and plasma thyroid hormones in 24 PKU and 10 HPA patients and in 42 age-matched control subjects. Selenium was significantly lower in both PKU and HPA patients than in control subjects and the PKU patients had lower values than did the HPA patients. Total antioxidant status was lower in both patient groups than in the control group, whereas alpha-tocopherol, albumin, and uric acid were not significantly different among groups. Plasma selenium correlated well (r = 0.76) with erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. PKU patients had lower glutathione peroxidase activity than did HPA patients and control subjects and lower glutathione concentrations than did control subjects. Both patient groups had lower superoxide dismutase activity than did control subjects. Free triiodothyronine was higher in both patient groups than in control subjects, whereas free thyroxine was higher in the PKU patients only. Free thyroxine and reverse triiodothyronine were inversely correlated with selenium. Supplementation with selenium seems to be advisable for patients consuming diets low in natural protein.