Impact of the 1996–1997 supplementary measles vaccination campaigns in South Africa

• Published in: International journal of epidemiology 2002-10, Vol.31 (5), p.968-976
• Main Authors: Uzicanin, Amra, Eggers, Rudi, Webb, Elize, Harris, Bernice, Durrheim, Dave, Ogunbanjo, Gboyega, Isaacs, Veronica, Hawkridge, Anthony, Biellik, Robin, Strebel, Peter
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles - epidemiology; Measles - mortality; Measles - prevention & control; Measles Vaccine - administration & dosage; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; South Africa - epidemiology; Time Factors; vaccination
• ISSN: 0300-5771; 1464-3685; 1464-3685
• DOI: 10.1093/ije/31.5.968

Background In South Africa, as part of an effort to eliminate indigenous measles by 2002, vaccination campaigns were conducted in 1996–1997 targeting all children aged 9 months to 14 years; coverage was estimated at 85%. The impact of the campaigns on measles disease burden was evaluated in 1999. Methods We analysed routine measles surveillance data and undertook a retrospective review of hospital registers in two of South Africa’s nine provinces. Results In Mpumalanga in the pre-campaign years (1992–1996), 4498 measles cases and 6 deaths were reported; 182 cases and no deaths were reported in 1997–1998. Hospital registers showed 1647 measles hospitalizations and 11 deaths in the pre-campaign period, and 60 hospitalizations and no deaths after the campaign (1997–April 1999). In Western Cape in pre-campaign years (1992–1997), 5164 measles cases and 19 deaths were reported; 132 cases and no deaths were reported in 1998. Hospital registers showed 736 measles hospitalizations and 23 deaths in the pre-campaign period, and 29 measles hospitalizations and no deaths post-campaign (1998–July 1999). Conclusions Study findings indicate that reported measles cases, measles-related hospitalizations and deaths were considerably reduced in both provinces after the campaign compared with the pre-campaign period. Longer observation is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of the campaigns.