Cytokines: regulation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis

Many of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released in response to immune/inflammatory insults exert marked stimulatory influences on the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Thus, they provoke the release of glucocorticoids that, in turn, temper the ensuing immune/inflammatory response,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in pharmacology 2003-02, Vol.3 (1), p.78-84
Main Authors: John, Christopher D, Buckingham, Julia C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cytokines - immunology
Cytokines - metabolism
Cytokines - physiology
Humans
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - immunology
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology
Pituitary-Adrenal System - immunology
Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology
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Summary:Many of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released in response to immune/inflammatory insults exert marked stimulatory influences on the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Thus, they provoke the release of glucocorticoids that, in turn, temper the ensuing immune/inflammatory response, and thereby complete a homeostatic neuroendocrine loop. The mechanisms by which cytokines cause glucocorticoid release are complex and can be affected by repeated or sustained cytokine exposure, gender and age, or counter-regulatory mechanisms.
ISSN:1471-4892
1471-4973
DOI:10.1016/S1471-4892(02)00009-7